{"database": "deitydb", "table": "entities", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where entity_class = \"deity\" and tradition = \"Mesopotamian\"", "rows": [["ENT_MES_ADAD_ISHKUR", "Adad/Ishkur", null, "Mesopotamian", "Storm god", "Storm Deity", "storm; thunder; rain; fertility", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 1, 0, 0, "Storm god associated with thunder, rain, and fertility.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ALALA", "Alala", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial deity", "Theogonic ancestor", "the ancestors of Anu", null, "national", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 0, 0, 0, "A primordial ancestor of Anu (paired with Belili) in the theogonic god-lists.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_AMURRU", "Amurru", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Nomad god", "the steppe; the Amorite nomads", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 2, 0, 0, "\"Martu,\" the god of the western nomads (the Amorites), son of Anu, husband of Ashratum.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ANSHAR", "Anshar", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial being", "Sky horizon", "the horizon of heaven; the host of the gods", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Primordial (Enuma Elish)", 0, 0, 0, "Anshar, the \"whole sky,\" father of Anu, who marshals the gods against Tiamat.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ANU", "Anu", null, "Mesopotamian", "High god", "High Deity", "sky; kingship; divine authority", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 0, 0, 0, "Sky god and high divine authority.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_APSU", "Apsu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial being", "Primordial Power", "freshwater abyss; primordial waters; creation", null, "Babylonian cosmogony", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian primordial being", 2, 0, 0, "Primordial freshwater abyss in Babylonian cosmogony.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ASHGI", "Ashgi", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Tutelary", "war; tutelary of Adab and Kesh", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Warrior god and original tutelary of Adab, son of Ninhursag and Shulpae, already named in Early Dynastic sources from Fara and the Kesh Temple Hymn.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ASHNAN", "Ezina-Ashnan", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Grain goddess", "grain; the harvest", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Debate between Sheep and Grain", 3, 0, 0, "The grain goddess (Sumerian Ezina = Akkadian Ashnan), sister of Lahar, who contends with the flocks in the Sumerian debate-poem.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ASHUR", "Ashur", null, "Mesopotamian", "State god", "State Deity", "Assyria; kingship; empire; war", null, "Assyrian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 1, 0, 0, "Chief god of Assyria and Assyrian kingship.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_AYA", "Aya", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Dawn deity", "dawn; light; love", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Consort of Shamash", 0, 0, 0, "Aya, the dawn goddess and consort of the sun-god Shamash.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_BAU", "Bau", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Healing/mother deity", "healing; abundance; the city of Lagash", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "City goddess of Lagash", 0, 0, 0, "The mother and healing goddess of Lagash (Baba), consort of Ningirsu.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_BELET_ILI", "Belet-ili", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Mother/birth deity", "the creation of humankind; birth", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Birth-mother goddess", 1, 0, 0, "Belet-ili (Mami/Nintu), the womb-goddess who fashions humankind from clay in Atrahasis.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_BELET_SERI", "Belet-seri", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Underworld scribe", "the records of the dead", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Scribe of the underworld", 0, 1, 0, "Belet-seri, the scribe of the underworld who keeps the register of the dead.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_BELILI", "Belili", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial deity", "Theogonic ancestor", "the ancestors of Anu", null, "national", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 0, 0, 0, "A primordial ancestress of Anu (paired with Alala) in the theogonic god-lists.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_DAGAN", "Dagan", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Grain/chief god", "grain; fertility; the chief god of the middle Euphrates", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 3, 0, 0, "The grain god and \"father of the gods\" of the middle Euphrates (Tuttul, Terqa), father of the storm-god Hadad.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_DAMKINA", "Damkina", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Mother of Marduk", "the deep waters; motherhood", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Consort of Ea", 0, 0, 0, "Damkina (Damgalnuna), consort of Ea and mother of Marduk.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_DAMU", "Damu", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Healing/dying deity", "healing; the dying vegetation; the return of life", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Healing/dying god", 1, 0, 0, "The healing and vegetation god of Isin, son of Ninisina (= Gula by syncretism); a dying god mourned in laments of the Dumuzi type.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_DUMUZI_ABZU", "Dumuzi-abzu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "fertility; freshwater abzu; tutelary of Kinunir", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Tutelary goddess of Kinunir near Lagash (also called Kinir\u0161a), a female counterpart to Dumuzi attested in the Early Dynastic Lagash state pantheon.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_DUMUZI_TAMMUZ", "Dumuzi/Tammuz", null, "Mesopotamian", "Dying/fertility god", "Fertility Deity", "shepherding; fertility; dying god; vegetation", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 4, 1, 0, "Shepherd/fertility god associated with death and return traditions.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ENBILULU", "Enbilulu", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Irrigation god", "canals; irrigation; rivers", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Lambert, BCM", 3, 0, 0, "The god of canals and irrigation, son of Enki, later counted among the fifty names of Marduk.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ENKI_EA", "Enki/Ea", null, "Mesopotamian", "Wisdom/creator god", "Wisdom Deity", "wisdom; water; magic; creation; craft", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 2, 0, 0, "God of wisdom, sweet waters, magic, and creation.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ENLIL", "Enlil", null, "Mesopotamian", "High god", "High Deity", "air; storm; kingship; authority", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 0, 0, 0, "Major god of authority, wind, and kingship.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ENMESHARRA", "Enmesharra", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial deity", "Underworld primordial", "the underworld; the ancient \"me\"s; the dead gods", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Lambert, BCM", 0, 1, 0, "A primordial \"dead god,\" lord of the ancient powers (me), an underworld figure who contends with Enlil/Ninurta/Marduk.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ENNUGI", "Ennugi", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Irrigation/underworld god", "canal-inspection; agriculture; the underworld", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 3, 1, 0, "The \"canal-inspector of the gods,\" throne-bearer of Enlil, with underworld associations; of Nippur.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL", "Ereshkigal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Underworld queen", "Underworld Deity", "underworld; death; sovereignty of dead", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 5, 1, 0, "Queen of the underworld.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ERRA", "Erra", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Plague/war deity", "plague; war; violence; destruction", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "God of plague and war", 0, 0, 0, "Erra (Errakal), the god of plague, war and indiscriminate destruction; protagonist of the Erra Epic.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_GATUMDUG", "Gatumdug", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "motherhood; tutelary of Lagash; kingship", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Tutelary goddess of Lagash described metaphorically as its mother in Early Dynastic sources, later honored by Gudea who called her his mother and father.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_GESHTINANNA", "Geshtinanna", null, "Mesopotamian", "Underworld/fertility goddess", "Fertility Deity", "sister of Dumuzi; underworld; scribal wisdom; fertility", null, "Sumerian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 3, 1, 0, "Sister of Dumuzi with underworld and scribal associations.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_GIBIL_GIRRA", "Gibil", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "fire; light; metallurgy; ritual purification", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Fire god (Akk. Girra), patron of metalworkers and purification, with earliest attestations in Early Dynastic III administrative texts from Fara and Telloh.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_GULA", "Gula", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Healing deity", "healing; medicine; dogs", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Great healing goddess", 0, 0, 0, "The great healing goddess (\"the great physician\"); originally distinct from but syncretized with Ninisina, Nintinugga and Bau; her emblem animal is the dog.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_GUNURA", "Gunura", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "healing; lamentation", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Daughter of Ninisina and Pabilsag and sister of the dying healer-god Damu, attested as part of the Isin healing-goddess circle.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_HENDURSAGA", "Hendursaga", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "night watch; heralds; law and order; protection of streets", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine night-watchman and 'chief herald,' attested in the Lagash pantheon from the Early Dynastic period and later equated with Akkadian Ishum.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_HUSHBISHAG", "Hushbishag", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Underworld official", "the household of the underworld", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 1, 0, "The stewardess/housekeeper of the underworld, wife of Namtar in Ereshkigal's court.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_IGALIMA", "Igalima", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "doorkeeping; justice; sons of Ningirsu", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Son of Ningirsu and Bau, the divine 'door of the throne-room'/E-ninnu, receiving offerings already in Early Dynastic Lagash and named on the Gudea cylinders.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR", "Inanna/Ishtar", null, "Mesopotamian", "Love/war goddess", "War Deity", "love; sex; war; sovereignty; Venus", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 1, 0, 0, "Major goddess of love, sexuality, war, and Venus.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ISHARA", "Ishara", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Love/oath goddess", "love; marriage; oaths; divination; the scorpion", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 0, 1, "A goddess of love, marriage, oaths and divination (scorpion/Scorpius symbol), of Syrian origin, distinct from Ishtar.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ISHTARAN", "Ishtaran", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Justice deity", "divine justice; the city of Der; serpents", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "City god of Der", 0, 0, 1, "The divine judge and city-god of Der, served by the serpent-god Nirah.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ISHUM", "Ishum", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Herald/fire deity", "fire; the night-watch; restraint; the herald of Erra", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Herald of Erra", 0, 0, 0, "Ishum, the benevolent fire-god and herald who restrains the fury of Erra.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_ISIMUD", "Isimud", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Vizier deity", "the two-faced vizier of Enki", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 0, 0, "The two-faced sukkal of Enki, who carries his master's messages and guards the gate of the Abzu.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_KAKKA", "Kakka", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Messenger deity", "messenger of Anu and Anshar", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Enuma Elish", 0, 0, 0, "The divine messenger of Anu and Anshar, sent between the gods in Enuma Elish and the Descent of Ishtar.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_KINGU", "Kingu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial rebel god", "Primordial Being", "revolt; tablets of destiny; Tiamat faction", null, "Babylonian cosmogony", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian primordial being", 2, 0, 0, "Consort/champion of Tiamat associated with the Tablets of Destiny.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_KISHAR", "Kishar", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial being", "Earth horizon", "the horizon of earth", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Primordial (Enuma Elish)", 2, 0, 0, "Kishar, the \"whole earth,\" consort of Anshar.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_KULLA", "Kulla", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Building god", "bricks; brickmaking", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 3, 0, 0, "The brick-god, formed by Ea from clay, invoked at the start of building and banished at its completion.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LAHAMU", "Lahamu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial deity", "Theogonic pair", "the primeval silt; the first generation", null, "national", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Enuma Elish", 0, 0, 1, "The female counterpart of Lahmu, second of the primeval pair born of Apsu and Tiamat; parents of Anshar and Kishar.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LAHAR", "Lahar", null, "Mesopotamian", "Deity", "Cattle/flocks deity", "sheep; flocks; wool", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Debate between Sheep and Grain", 3, 0, 0, "The deity of flocks and wool, sibling of Ashnan in the Debate between Sheep and Grain.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LAHMU", "Lahmu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial being", "Protective primordial", "the primordial silt; protection; the cosmic deep", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Primordial pair (Enuma Elish)", 0, 0, 0, "Lahmu (with Lahamu), the first pair born of Apsu and Tiamat; also a hairy protective hero.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LISIN", "Lisin", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "motherhood; later fire; lamentation", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Originally a goddess addressed as 'mother,' the final deity praised in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns as tutelary of Abu Salabikh; daughter of Shulpae and Ninhursag.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LUGALIRRA", "Lugal-irra", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Twin/guardian god", "doorways; the underworld; war", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 1, 0, "One of the divine twins (with Meslamta-ea), apotropaic guardians of doorways, equated with Nergal; the constellation Gemini.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LUGAL_MARADA", "Lugal-Marada", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Tutelary", "earth; the plow; tutelary of Marad; war", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "City god of Marad, sometimes a manifestation of Ninurta; subject of one of the Temple Hymns, with cult attested from the 3rd millennium.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_LULAL", "Lulal", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Protective god", "the steppe; protection; the servant of Inanna", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Inanna's Descent", 1, 0, 0, "\"King of the Steppe,\" a protective god and servant of Inanna at Bad-tibira; later apotropaic.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_MARDUK", "Marduk", null, "Mesopotamian", "State god", "State Deity", "kingship; creation; storm; Babylon", null, "Babylonian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 1, 0, 0, "Chief god of Babylon, associated with kingship and creation.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_MESLAMTAEA", "Meslamta-ea", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Twin/guardian god", "doorways; the underworld; war", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 1, 0, "The other of the divine twins (with Lugal-irra), guardian of doorways, equated with Nergal.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_MES_SANGA_UNUG", "Mes-sanga-Unug", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Tutelary", "war; tutelary of Kullaba (Uruk)", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Warrior god of Uruk's Kullaba district, 'great ensi of Inanna,' belonging to the earliest Uruk pantheon and named in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_MUMMU", "Mummu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial being", "Vizier of Apsu", "the mist; counsel; the craftsman principle", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Primordial (Enuma Elish)", 0, 0, 0, "Mummu, the vizier and counsellor of Apsu, bound by Ea at the cosmos' beginning.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_MUSHDAMMA", "Mushdamma", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Building god", "building; architecture", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Enki and the World Order", 3, 0, 0, "The divine architect, \"great builder of Enlil,\" appointed by Enki; paired with Kulla.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NABU", "Nabu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Writing/wisdom god", "Wisdom Deity", "writing; scribes; wisdom; destiny", null, "Babylonian/Assyrian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 0, 0, 0, "God of writing, scribes, wisdom, and destiny.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NAMMU", "Nammu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Primordial sea goddess", "Primordial Deity", "primordial sea; first creator; mother of gods; Sumerian cosmogony", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "The primordial sea goddess of Eridu theology; the oldest deity in the Eridu cosmogonic tradition; her name appears to mean \"the sea\" (the primordial body of water, not the salt sea); in Enki and the World Order (ETCSL 1.1.3) Nammu is listed as the first deity, before Anu; in the Debate between Sheep and Grain (ETCSL 5.3.2) Nammu is the mother of Anu and Enlil; in the Eridu Genesis (a Sumerian flood narrative) she is the primordial creator; in Enki and Ninmah (ETCSL 1.1.2) Nammu wakes Enki to help her create humanity \u2014 she is Enki's mother, and her request launches the creation-of-humanity myth; among the oldest attested deities in the Sumerian tradition, associated with the Abzu (the subterranean fresh water) and with the primordial creative principle; later largely superseded by Tiamat (saltwater) and Apsu (fresh water) in the Babylonian theological tradition", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NANAYA", "Nanaya", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Love deity", "love; sensuality; eroticism", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Goddess of love", 0, 0, 0, "The goddess of love and sensuality, closely associated with Inanna.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NANNA_SIN", "Nanna/Sin", null, "Mesopotamian", "Moon god", "Moon Deity", "moon; time; cattle; calendrical order", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 0, 0, 0, "Moon god associated with time, cycles, and cattle.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NANSHE", "Nanshe", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Justice/divination deity", "social justice; dream-divination; fish; the poor", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "City goddess of Lagash", 1, 0, 0, "The Lagash goddess of social justice, dream interpretation and fish.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NERGAL", "Nergal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Underworld/war god", "Underworld Deity", "underworld; plague; war; death", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 4, 1, 0, "God associated with war, plague, death, and the underworld.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NETI", "Neti", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Underworld gatekeeper", "the gates of the underworld", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Gatekeeper of the underworld", 0, 1, 0, "Neti, the chief gatekeeper of the underworld who admits the descending Inanna.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINAZU", "Ninazu", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Underworld/healing deity", "the underworld; healing; serpents", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Underworld/healing god", 0, 1, 1, "The god of the underworld and healing, father of Ningishzida.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINDARA", "Nindara", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "warrior; 'tax-collector of the sea'; Lagash", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Local Lagash god and husband of Nanshe, attested in the Early Dynastic Lagash pantheon; Selz regards him as elder brother of Hendursaga.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINEGAL", "Ninegal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "palaces; royal dynasty; protection of kingship", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess Ninegal / Belet-ekallim (\"Lady of the Palace\"), originally a distinct palace goddess and guardian of the royal dynasty; oldest attestation the ED Fara god list. Equated with Inanna only in some later literary contexts.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGAL", "Ningal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Moon goddess / Divine consort", "Nature Deity", "moon; divine consort of Nanna/Sin; mother of Utu/Shamash; Ur; night", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "\"Great Lady\" (Sumerian: nin = lady, gal = great); divine consort of Nanna/Sin the moon god; her primary cult centers are Ur (the Nanna/Sin temple city) and Harran; she is explicitly named in Sumerian hymns and laments as the mother of Inanna/Ishtar (the evening/morning star) and Utu/Shamash (the sun); the Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur (ETCSL 2.2.2) gives her a major role as the goddess who pleads before the divine assembly not to destroy Ur but is ultimately unable to prevent it \u2014 one of the most powerful divine lament figures in Sumerian literature; she is also the mother of Ereshkigal in some traditions, making her the mother of both the love goddess (Inanna) and the queen of death (Ereshkigal); her cult at Harran survived into the Islamic period among the Sabians", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGIRIDA", "Ningirida", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "underworld (by association); chthonic family of Ninazu", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Wife of the chthonic god Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida, appearing alongside Ninazu from the Ur III period.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGIRIMA", "Ningirima", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "incantations; ritual purification; snakes; sacred water", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Major Early Dynastic incantation goddess and divine purifier associated with snakes and sacred-water basins, central to the earliest Sumerian magical tradition.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGIRSU", "Ningirsu", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Warrior/agriculture deity", "war; irrigation; the city of Lagash", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "City god of Lagash", 1, 0, 0, "The warrior and irrigation god of Lagash, a local form of Ninurta; patron of Gudea.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGISHZIDA", "Ningishzida", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Underworld/vegetation deity", "the underworld; vegetation; serpents; the throne", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Chthonic serpent god", 1, 1, 1, "The chthonic serpent god of vegetation and the underworld threshold, personal god of Gudea.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINGUBLAGA", "Ningublaga", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Cattle god", "cattle; the herds of the moon-god", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 2, 0, 0, "A cattle-god of Kiabrig, son of Nanna/Sin, who oversaw the moon-god's herds.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINHURSAG", "Ninhursag", null, "Mesopotamian", "Mother goddess", "Fertility Deity", "motherhood; birth; mountains; fertility", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 5, 0, 0, "Mother goddess associated with birth, mountains, and fertility.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINILDU", "Ninildu", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "carpentry; craft", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine carpenter worshiped at Zabalam, attested in the god lists from Abu Salabikh and Fara and in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINIMMA", "Ninimma", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "scribal arts; scholarship; birth assistance", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine scholar/scribe and courtier of Enlil who also assisted at birth; attested among the early Nippur circle and in Enki and Ninmah.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINIRIGAL", "Ninirigal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "tutelary of Kullaba (Uruk)", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Tutelary goddess of Uruk's Kullaba district, counted among the chief deities praised in the opening Early Dynastic hymns.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINISINA", "Ninisina", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "healing; medicine; tutelary of Isin", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "'Lady of Isin,' great divine physician first attested in the Fara god lists of the Early Dynastic IIIa period; wife of Pabilsag, later syncretized with Gula.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINKASI", "Ninkasi", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Beer deity", "beer; brewing", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Goddess of beer", 1, 0, 0, "The goddess of beer and brewing, celebrated in the Hymn to Ninkasi.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINKURRA", "Ninkurra", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "sculpture; stone-working; craft", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine artisan/sculptor of the Enki-Ninhursag birth sequence, daughter of Ninshar and mother of Uttu in the Dilmun myth tradition. (A craftsman deity Ninkurra in An=Anum may be a distinct, possibly male, figure.)", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINLIL", "Ninlil", null, "Mesopotamian", "Mother goddess / Divine consort", "Fertility Deity", "motherhood; grain; divine consort of Enlil; divine wind; earth; Nippur", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "\"Lady of the Grain\" or \"Lady Air\" (Sumerian: nin = lady, lil = grain/air); consort of Enlil and the most important divine mother in the Sumerian pantheon; her primary cult center is Nippur alongside Enlil; the Enlil and Ninlil myth (ETCSL 1.2.1) narrates how Enlil, exiled to the underworld for raping the young Ninlil by the banks of the canal, is followed there by Ninlil; their underground union produces the moon god Nanna/Sin and two other underworld deities (Nergal and Ninazu in some traditions); she is also called Sud in an older tradition before her marriage to Enlil; in the Old Babylonian period she is identified with Ninhursag and with the \"Lady of the Earth\" tradition; she is the divine mother whose children include the moon (Nanna/Sin), the warrior (Ninurta), and the underworld power (Nergal)", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINMUG", "Ninmug", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "metalworking; craft; birth", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine metalworker/sculptor ('tibira kalamma') and birth-helper of Ninmah, attested in the Early Dynastic Fara god list with cult at Kisiga and Adab.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINNIGARA", "Ninnigara", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "birth; healing; the ni\u011dar shrine", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess of the ni\u011dar (a birth/temple precinct) linked to birth and healing, attested in the Fara god list and the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINSHAR", "Ninshar", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "vegetation; craft; birth assistance", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess of the Enki\u2013Ninhursag and Enki\u2013Ninmah birth-helper circle; the theophoric name Ur-Nin\u0161ar is common in Early Dynastic and Ur III sources.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINSHUBUR", "Ninshubur", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Vizier deity", "the sukkal (vizier) of Inanna; messenger", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Inanna's Descent", 0, 0, 0, "The faithful sukkal (vizier/minister) of Inanna (and of An), whose intercession rescues her from the underworld.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINSIANNA", "Ninsianna", null, "Mesopotamian", "Deity", "Astral deity", "the planet Venus", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 0, 0, 0, "The personified planet Venus, whose gender varied by city; closely linked to Inanna.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINSIKILA", "Ninsikila", null, "Mesopotamian", "Deity", "Deity", "purity; consort cult of Lisin", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Spouse of Lisin, male in Early Dynastic sources (Zame Hymns) before a later gender reversal; distinct from the homophonous Dilmunite goddess Meskilak.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINSUN", "Ninsun", null, "Mesopotamian", "Divine mother / Cow goddess", "Fertility Deity", "divine mother; wild cow; mother of Gilgamesh; dream interpretation; Uruk", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "\"Lady Wild Cow\" (Sumerian nin = lady, sun4 = wild cow); divine mother of Gilgamesh; daughter of Anu and the earth goddess; her divine nature makes Gilgamesh \"two-thirds divine\" (Aga of Kish); priestesses of Ninsun are attested at Ur; known for her wisdom and ability to interpret dreams \u2014 she interprets Gilgamesh's dreams in Tablet I of the Epic; adopts Enkidu as her son before the Cedar Forest expedition; a divine mother figure whose wisdom supports the hero", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINTI", "Ninti", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "the rib / life ('lady of life'); healing", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "'Lady of the rib/life,' one of the eight healing deities born of Ninhursag in the Dilmun myth; attested near Ninkasi in a Fara-period document.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINTINUGGA", "Nintinugga", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Healing goddess", "healing; medicine", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 0, 0, 0, "A Nippur healing goddess, \"the lady who restores the dead to life,\" distinct from but akin to Gula.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINURA", "Ninura", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "tutelary of Umma; consort cult of Shara", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess of the Umma region and wife of Shara, attested only in third-millennium sources before being displaced by Inanna of Zabalam.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NINURTA", "Ninurta", null, "Mesopotamian", "War/agriculture god", "War Deity", "war; agriculture; kingship; heroic combat", null, "Sumerian/Akkadian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 3, 0, 0, "God of war, agriculture, and heroic combat.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NIN_MARKI", "Nin-MAR.KI", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Tutelary", "cattle; oaths; long-distance trade; coastal Lagash", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Divine protector of cattle and oath-deity in the Lagash pantheon, daughter of Nanshe and Nindara, with chief cult center at the sea-port Guabba; attested in Early Dynastic Lagash.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NIRAH", "Nirah", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "serpents; divine messenger; Der cult", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Serpent god and messenger (sukkal) of Ishtaran of Der, depicted as a snake; attested from the 3rd millennium onward. (His earlier \"son of Ishtaran\" modeling was incorrect \u2014 he is Ishtaran's minister, not son.)", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NISABA", "Nisaba", null, "Mesopotamian", "Writing/grain goddess", "Agrarian Deity", "writing; grain; accounting; scribal arts", null, "Sumerian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Mesopotamian core deity", 3, 0, 0, "Goddess of writing, grain, accounting, and scribal arts.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NUMUSHDA", "Numushda", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Nature/flood god", "floods; wild nature; the city of Kazallu", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "An=Anum", 2, 0, 0, "A violent flood and nature god, tutelary deity of Kazallu, son of Nanna and Ningal.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NUNGAL", "Nungal", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Deity", "prisons; judgment; underworld", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess of prisons and divine sifter of the guilty from the innocent, a daughter-in-law of Enlil whose name is attested already in the Early Dynastic period.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_NUSKA", "Nuska", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Fire/light deity", "fire; light; the vizier of Enlil", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "God of fire and light", 0, 0, 0, "The god of fire and lamplight, the vizier and messenger of Enlil.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_PABILSAG", "Pabilsag", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Warrior/judge god", "war; judgement; the constellation Sagittarius", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Black & Green", 0, 0, 0, "A warrior god and divine judge, husband of the healing goddess Gula, identified with Sagittarius; of Isin/Larak.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_PANIGINGARRA", "Panigingarra", null, "Mesopotamian", "God", "Deity", "wisdom; scholarship; tutelary of Adab", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)", 0, 0, 0, "Son of Ninhursag and Shulpae worshiped at Adab and associated with his brother Ashgi; attested from the Early Dynastic period and later equated with Ninurta.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_SALTU", "Saltu", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Personified strife", "strife; discord", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Agushaya Hymn", 0, 0, 0, "The personification of strife, created by Ea from the dirt of his fingernails to humble Ishtar in the Agushaya Hymn.", "deity"], ["ENT_MES_SARPANIT", "Sarpanit", null, "Mesopotamian", "Goddess", "Consort of Marduk", "birth; the city of Babylon", null, "Mesopotamian", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Consort of Marduk", 0, 0, 0, "Sarpanit (Zarpanitu), consort of Marduk and mother of Nabu, honoured at Babylon.", "deity"]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 111, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [[{"column": "entity_class", "other_table": "entity_class", "other_column": "class_id"}, null]], "columns": ["entity_id", "canonical_name", "greek_name", "tradition", "entity_type", "category", "primary_domains", "tags", "cult_scope", "primary_period", "evidence_confidence", "review_status", "inclusion_basis", "earth_association_score", "chthonic_flag", "serpent_flag", "short_note", "entity_class"], "primary_keys": ["entity_id"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select entity_id, canonical_name, greek_name, tradition, entity_type, category, primary_domains, tags, cult_scope, primary_period, evidence_confidence, review_status, inclusion_basis, earth_association_score, chthonic_flag, serpent_flag, short_note, entity_class from entities where \"entity_class\" = :p0 and \"tradition\" = :p1 order by entity_id limit 101", "params": {"p0": "deity", "p1": "Mesopotamian"}}, "facet_results": {"entity_class": {"name": "entity_class", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian", "results": [{"value": "deity", "label": "deity", "count": 111, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Mesopotamian", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}, "tradition": {"name": "tradition", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian", "results": [{"value": "Mesopotamian", "label": "Mesopotamian", "count": 111, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "entity_type", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_facet=entity_type"}, {"name": "evidence_confidence", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_facet=evidence_confidence"}, {"name": "earth_association_score", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_facet=earth_association_score"}, {"name": "chthonic_flag", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_facet=chthonic_flag"}, {"name": "serpent_flag", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_facet=serpent_flag"}], "next": "ENT_MES_SARPANIT", "next_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?entity_class=deity&tradition=Mesopotamian&_next=ENT_MES_SARPANIT", "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 2079.04495099865, "source": "jebboone/deitydb", "source_url": "https://github.com/jebboone/deitydb", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"}