{"database": "deitydb", "table": "entities", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where tradition = \"Elamite\"", "rows": [["ENT_ELAM_HISHMITIK", "Hishmitik", null, "Elamite", "Deity", "Local deity", "local tutelary cult", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Deity worshipped (frequently paired with Ruhurater) in the Tchoga Zanbil precinct of Untash-Napirisha.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_HUMBAN", "Humban", null, "Elamite", "chief god / sky sovereign", "High Deity", "divine supremacy; sky; cosmic order; royal victory; oath; Neo-Elamite kingship", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Humban (also \u1e2aumban, \u1e2aumpa; rendered as Umman or Khumban in Assyrian texts) is the chief male deity of the Old Elamite and Neo-Elamite periods and the theophoric element most prevalent in Elamite royal names throughout the entire historical record. Royal names bearing Humban's name include: Humban-Haltash I, II, III (Neo-Elamite kings, 8th\u20137th c. BCE), Humban-Numena, Humban-Undasha, and Atta-Humban \u2014 a concentration of royal theophoric names paralleled in the Mesopotamian tradition only by Enlil- and Ashur-bearing royal names, indicating that Humban was understood as the supreme divine patron of Elamite kingship. He appears to occupy the role of sky sovereign and divine guarantor of royal power \u2014 the function that in neighboring Mesopotamia belonged to Anu (sky), Enlil (divine authority), and Ashur (national patron). His relationship to Napirisha is a complex scholarly question: they appear to be temporally distinct expressions of the same theological need for a supreme male divine figure (Humban dominant in Old and Neo-Elamite periods; Napirisha dominant in the Middle Elamite Untash-Napirisha dynasty), possibly reflecting regional (Anshan vs. Susa) and dynastic emphases. The Neo-Assyrian sources \u2014 particularly Assurbanipal's annals recording the sacking of Susa in 647 BCE \u2014 describe Humban's statues and cult objects being carried off to Nineveh as war spoils, documenting his central importance to Neo-Elamite state religion. Potts (1999) pp. 261-265; Carter & Stolper (1984) pp. 56-70.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_HUTRAN", "Hutran", null, "Elamite", "God", "Dynastic / warrior deity", "war; royal protection", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Son of Napirisha and Kiririsha in the Tchoga Zanbil / Anshanite theology; invoked in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions for protection of the king.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_INSHUSHINAK", "Inshushinak", null, "Elamite", "city god of Susa / lord of the dead", "Underworld Deity", "city sovereignty; judgment of the dead; royal patronage; underworld; divine justice; Susa", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Inshushinak (Sumerian: en-\u0161u\u0161in-ak, \"Lord of Susa\"; Elamite: In\u0161u\u0161inak) is the principal deity of Susa and the most extensively attested divine figure in the Elamite inscriptional record, present from the Old Elamite period (c. 2200 BCE) through the Neo-Elamite period and the Achaemenid continuation. He combined the roles of city tutelary deity, supreme judge of the dead, and royal patron \u2014 the functions that made him the theological center of Susa's civic and religious identity across two millennia. As lord of the dead he presided over the fate of souls after death, a judicial function that invites comparison with Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash (both are divine judges operating at the threshold of death). The Elamite kings consistently invoke Inshushinak in royal inscriptions alongside Napirisha and Kiririsha; dedications to him fill the votive deposits excavated from the acropolis of Susa by Jacques de Morgan and subsequent excavators (the Susa deposits are among the richest ancient Near Eastern archaeological hoards, now largely in the Louvre). The Chogha Zanbil (Dur-Untash) ziggurat complex, built by Untash-Napirisha c. 1250 BCE, was dedicated jointly to Inshushinak and Napirisha \u2014 the combination of the Susian tutelary deity with the new \"great god\" of the Middle Elamite dynasty expressed a deliberate theological synthesis of the lowland and highland Elamite traditions. His iconography includes the horned crown (the standard ancient Near Eastern marker of divinity) and the snake (a consistent symbol of Inshushinak that also appears on the famous \"Sit-shamshi\" bronze ritual scene from Susa). Potts (1999) pp. 261-280; Carter & Stolper (1984) pp. 38-45.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_ISHMEKARAB", "Ishmekarab", null, "Elamite", "Underworld deity", "Justice / judgment deity", "justice; law; judgment of the dead", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Deity of justice ('he/she has heard the prayer'); in Susian afterlife texts the 'advocatus dei' who, with Lagamal, escorts the soul before the judge Inshushinak; attested at Susa and Tchoga Zanbil.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_JABRU", "Jabru", null, "Elamite", "God", "Sky / high god (Mesopotamian view of Elam)", "the sky; supreme lordship", null, "regional", null, "C", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Listed in Mesopotamian god lists (An=Anum, variant Yabru) as the 'Enlil of Elam'; known only from Mesopotamian texts and not yet attested in indigenous Elamite sources.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_KILAH_SHUPIR", "Kilah-shupir", null, "Elamite", "God", "Local deity", "local tutelary cult", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "God honoured by a dedicatory inscription in the Tchoga Zanbil temple complex of Untash-Napirisha.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_KIRIRISHA", "Kiririsha", null, "Elamite", "great goddess / mother goddess", "Love Deity", "divine motherhood; fertility; sovereignty; cosmic female power; Liyan; protection", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Kiririsha (\"the Great Goddess,\" Elamite: kiri = goddess, ri\u0161a = great) is the principal goddess of the Elamite pantheon, worshipped especially at Liyan (ancient name of the Bushehr region on the Persian Gulf coast) but also centrally at Susa and at the Chogha Zanbil (Dur-Untash) complex where she has her own temple. Her epithet \u2014 literally \"the great goddess\" \u2014 identifies her as the paramount female divine power of Elamite religion, a title analogous to Inanna/Ishtar's \"Queen of Heaven\" in Mesopotamian theology. She is a mother goddess figure whose domain encompasses divine fertility, cosmic female sovereignty, and the protection of the Elamite state and dynasty. The Middle Elamite kings pair her consistently with Napirisha in their divine invocations: the standard formula \"Inshushinak, Napirisha, and Kiririsha\" appears in major royal inscriptions and dedicatory texts from the Untash-Napirisha dynasty (c. 1340-1300 BCE). In earlier periods she is sometimes paired with Humban as the female counterpart of the chief male deity. A distinctive Elamite theological trait is her prominence as a named, individually-worshipped goddess rather than merely an unnamed consort \u2014 she holds divine authority in her own right. The Liyan temple remains excavated at Haft Tappeh preserve some of the best evidence for her independent cult. Potts (1999) pp. 280-290; Carter & Stolper (1984) pp. 40-48.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_LAGAMAL", "Lagamal", null, "Elamite", "Underworld deity", "Chthonic / judgment deity", "the underworld; judgment of the dead", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Underworld god of Susa (also worshipped at Mesopotamian Dilbat); in Susian funerary texts the 'advocatus diaboli' who, with Ishmekarab, attends Inshushinak's judgment of souls.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_MANZAT", "Manzat", null, "Elamite", "Goddess", "Atmospheric / astral deity", "the rainbow; the sky", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Rainbow goddess shared between Elam and Mesopotamia; in Elam wife of Simut, worshipped at Susa and Der; attested in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_NAHHUNTE", "Nahhunte", null, "Elamite", "God", "Solar deity", "the sun; justice; law; commerce", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Elamite sun god and guarantor of justice/contracts, counterpart of Mesopotamian Shamash; element in many royal names (e.g. \u0160utruk-Nahhunte) and attested from Susa.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_NAPIR", "Napir", null, "Elamite", "God", "Astral deity", "moon; night sky; protection of the gods", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "A minor Elamite deity attested in the Neo-Elamite inscription of Hanni of Ayapir (EKI 75, epithet \"the favorite\") and among the clergy under Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak. The name element nap means simply \"god\"; a lunar identification (German handbook tradition, Haas/Koch) is one reading but NOT consensus (Vallat, Henkelman). NOTE: distinct from the supreme Anshanite god Napirisha \u2014 the king Untash-Napirisha and the Tchoga Zanbil high temple belong to Napirisha, not Napir.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_NAPIRISHA", "Napirisha", null, "Elamite", "great god / water deity", "High Deity", "divine supremacy; life-giving water; healing; Anshan; cosmic order; Middle Elamite kingship", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Napirisha (\"the Great God,\" Elamite: nap = god, irisha/r\u012b\u0161a = great) is the supreme divine figure of the Middle Elamite period (c. 1600-1100 BCE), rising to theological prominence under the Untash-Napirisha dynasty whose very name means \"devoted to Napirisha.\" He is the patron deity of the highland region of Anshan (modern Fars province, SW Iran) and represents the highland Elamite theological tradition in contrast to the lowland Susian tradition centered on Inshushinak. His most tangible monument is the ziggurat city of Dur-Untash (modern Chogha Zanbil, c. 1250 BCE) \u2014 the best-preserved ancient ziggurat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site \u2014 built by Untash-Napirisha to honor both Napirisha and Inshushinak in a deliberate unification of highland and lowland Elamite divine traditions. His divine domains are centered on life-giving water and healing: he is associated with the waters that sustain life, paralleling the role of Enki/Ea in Mesopotamian theology (wisdom-through-water, the life-principle carried by water). The most famous representation of Napirisha is a bronze statue (c. 1340 BCE, excavated at Susa, now in the Louvre, inv. Sb 2731) \u2014 a seated figure in royal garb with hands clasped in the posture of divine service, one of the finest examples of Elamite metalwork. He was paired with Kiririsha as his divine consort in the Chogha Zanbil theology. Potts (1999) pp. 234-260; Carter & Stolper (1984) pp. 44-55.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_NAPRATEP", "Napratep", null, "Elamite", "Deity", "Collective protective deities", "protection; creation of life", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Group of 'creator/protector gods' invoked in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions, notably those of Untash-Napirisha at Tchoga Zanbil.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_NARUNDI", "Narundi", null, "Elamite", "Goddess", "Warrior / victory deity", "victory; war; protection", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Victory goddess worshipped at Susa c. 2100 BCE (statue dedicated by Puzur-Inshushinak); in the Mesopotamian An=Anum list reckoned a sister of the Sebitti, the \"divine seven of Elam\".", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_PINIKIR", "Pinikir", null, "Elamite", "Goddess", "Astral / Venus deity", "heaven; love; the planet Venus; sovereignty", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Great early Elamite astral goddess titled 'mistress of heaven'; appears in the Old Elamite treaty of Naram-Sin and at Tchoga Zanbil, equated with Ishtar/Ninsianna in god lists.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_RUHURATER", "Ruhurater", null, "Elamite", "Creator deity", "Local high god", "creation; tutelary lordship of Huhnur", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Creator god whose cult centre was Huhnur; attested from an Ur III inscription of Amar-Sin and in Middle Elamite texts, regarded as a fashioner of humankind.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_SIASHUM", "Siashum", null, "Elamite", "Goddess", "Local deity", "local tutelary cult", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess receiving a dedicated chapel/inscription in the sacred precinct of Tchoga Zanbil (Dur-Untash) under Untash-Napirisha.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_SIMUT", "Simut", null, "Elamite", "God", "Herald / warrior deity", "heraldry of the gods; war; the planet Mars", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Elamite herald-god ('god of Elam'), spouse of Manzat, equated with Mesopotamian Nergal and the planet Mars; widely attested in royal inscriptions and An=Anum.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_SUHSIPA", "Suhsipa", null, "Elamite", "Underworld deity", "Deity", "funerary cult; netherworld (husa)", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "An Elamite deity with a grove-temple (siyan husame, \"temple in the sacred grove\" \u2014 husa = grove, NOT netherworld) on the middle terrace at Dur-Untash (Tchoga Zanbil), grouped with Lagamar and Napirisha. Per Henkelman, Suhsipa is among the grove-temple gods who LACK an underworld connection (with Manzat and Simut), not an underworld deity.", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_TIRUTUR", "Tirutur", null, "Elamite", "God", "Deity", "divine royal protection (kitin); sovereignty", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "An independent local Elamite god of Ayapir, regularly invoked as a pair with Tepti (\"lord\") in Neo-Elamite royal inscriptions (Hanni of Ayapir, EKI 75); like Humban and Inshushinak he could grant kitin (god-given royal legitimacy). The Ayapir sanctuary was most likely his, not Humban's (Henkelman).", "deity"], ["ENT_ELAM_UPURKUBAK", "Upurkubak", null, "Elamite", "Goddess", "Local deity", "local tutelary cult", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Elamite deity (Susa / Anshan / Tchoga Zanbil)", 0, 0, 0, "Goddess with a dedicated chapel at Tchoga Zanbil; named in Middle Elamite inscriptions of Untash-Napirisha.", "deity"]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 22, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [[{"column": "entity_class", "other_table": "entity_class", "other_column": "class_id"}, null]], "columns": ["entity_id", "canonical_name", "greek_name", "tradition", "entity_type", "category", "primary_domains", "tags", "cult_scope", "primary_period", "evidence_confidence", "review_status", "inclusion_basis", "earth_association_score", "chthonic_flag", "serpent_flag", "short_note", "entity_class"], "primary_keys": ["entity_id"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select entity_id, canonical_name, greek_name, tradition, entity_type, category, primary_domains, tags, cult_scope, primary_period, evidence_confidence, review_status, inclusion_basis, earth_association_score, chthonic_flag, serpent_flag, short_note, entity_class from entities where \"tradition\" = :p0 order by entity_id limit 101", "params": {"p0": "Elamite"}}, "facet_results": {"entity_class": {"name": "entity_class", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite", "results": [{"value": "deity", "label": "deity", "count": 22, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite&entity_class=deity", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "tradition": {"name": "tradition", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite", "results": [{"value": "Elamite", "label": "Elamite", "count": 22, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "category", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite&_facet=category"}, {"name": "primary_domains", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite&_facet=primary_domains"}, {"name": "evidence_confidence", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite&_facet=evidence_confidence"}, {"name": "inclusion_basis", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Elamite&_facet=inclusion_basis"}], "next": null, "next_url": null, "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 3363.749932999781, "source": "jebboone/deitydb", "source_url": "https://github.com/jebboone/deitydb", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"}