{"database": "deitydb", "table": "entities", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where tradition = \"Pre-Islamic Arabian\"", "rows": [["ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS", "al-Fals", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Sacred betyl", "Deity", "tribal patron; sanctuary; asylum", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Idol of the Tayyi\u02be tribe, a reddish rock outcrop on Jabal Aja serving as a place of asylum, described in Ibn al-Kalbi.", "object"], ["ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA", "Dhu'l-Khalasa", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Sacred betyl", "Deity", "oracle; divination; tribal sanctuary", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "White quartz betyl and oracular sanctuary (famed for divination by arrows) at Tabala in the Tihama/Asir region of southwest Arabia \u2014 the \"Yemeni/Southern Ka\u02bfba\" by epithet, not located in Yemen proper; venerated by Daws, Khath\u02bfam and Bajila per Ibn al-Kalbi.", "object"], ["ENT_ARAB_ISAF", "Is\u0101f", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Sacred betyl", "Deity", "sanctuary guardian; ritual; petrified ancestor", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Idol at the Ka\u02bfba; in tradition a man petrified for sacrilege, paired with N\u0101\u02beila, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa.", "object"], ["ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS", "The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Collective", "Pantheon", "idol cult; tribal patron deities; Arabian sanctuaries", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Collective of the betyls and idols of pre-Islamic Arabia catalogued in Ibn al-Kalbi's Kitab al-Asnam (Book of Idols). NB: the Ka\u02bfba idols proper (Hubal, Isaf, Na\u02beila\u2026) and the five antediluvian idols of Qur\u02bean 71:23 (Wadd, Suwa\u02bf, Yaghuth, Ya\u02bfuq, Nasr, framed there as the idols of Noah's people) are distinct sets grouped here under one umbrella.", "collective"], ["ENT_ARAB_MANAF", "Man\u0101f", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Deity", "Deity", "tribal patron; honour; high status", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Meccan deity whose name survives in the Quraysh name \u02bfAbd Manaf; listed among the gods of Mecca in Ibn al-Kalbi.", "deity"], ["ENT_ARAB_NAILA", "N\u0101\u02beila", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Sacred betyl", "Deity", "sanctuary guardian; ritual; petrified ancestor", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Female idol at the Ka\u02bfba, paired with Is\u0101f as a petrified couple, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa.", "object"], ["ENT_ARAB_NUHM", "Nuhm", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Deity", "Deity", "tribal patron; protection", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Deity of the Muzayna tribe whose name survives in the theophoric \u02bfAbd Nuhm; listed in Ibn al-Kalbi.", "deity"], ["ENT_ARAB_QUZAH", "Quza\u1e25", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Astral deity", "Deity", "storm; rainbow; weather; Muzdalifa rites", null, "regional", null, "B", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "Storm/rainbow deity associated with the hill Quza\u1e25 at Muzdalifa near Mecca; Arabic qaws Quza\u1e25 ('Quza\u1e25's bow' = rainbow) preserves his name.", "spirit"], ["ENT_ARAB_RUDA", "Ruda", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Astral deity", "Deity", "Venus; evening star; benevolence; fortune", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "North Arabian astral deity (Venus) attested in Thamudic and Safaitic inscriptions and named in Assyrian records as 'Ruldaiu'; also in Ibn al-Kalbi.", "spirit"], ["ENT_ARAB_SAD", "Sa\u02bfd", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Sacred betyl", "Deity", "tribal patron; fortune; good luck", null, "regional", null, "C", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "A tall rock-betyl of the Banu Milkan (Kinana) anointed with sacrificial blood, per Ibn al-Kalbi (whose anecdote has camels bolting from the blood-smeared stone); a tribal cult-stone rather than a developed deity. The \"Fortune\" association rests on the name sa\u02bfd (\"good luck\"), an etymology, not attested cult function.", "object"], ["ENT_ARAB_SUWA", "Suw\u0101\u02bf", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Deity", "Deity", "antediluvian idol; tribal patron", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "One of the five antediluvian idols of Qur\u02bean 71:23; later the idol of the Hudhayl tribe at Ruhat per Ibn al-Kalbi.", "deity"], ["ENT_ARAB_YAUQ", "Ya\u02bf\u016bq", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Deity", "Deity", "antediluvian idol; tribal patron; protection", null, "regional", null, "A", "candidate_verified_name", "Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0)", 0, 0, 0, "One of the five antediluvian idols of Qur\u02bean 71:23 ('the preventer/protector'); horse-formed idol of Hamdan at Khaywan in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi.", "deity"], ["ENT_ARA_ALLAT", "Al-Lat", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "sun and fertility goddess", "High Deity", "sun; fertility; motherhood; war; protection; north Arabia; Herodotus Alilat", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Major north Arabian and Nabataean goddess; one of the three \"Daughters of Allah\" named in Quran 53:19; worshipped from the Sinai to Palmyra and throughout north Arabia; Herodotus 3.8 (c. 450 BCE) calls her \"Alilat\" and identifies her with Aphrodite Urania; her great sanctuary was at Ta'if; associated with the sun and fertility; depicted with a lion at Palmyra and Petra; an early and widespread figure in the Arabian religious landscape", "deity"], ["ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA", "Al-Uzza", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Venus / morning star goddess", "Love Deity", "Venus (morning star); love; war; protection; strength; fertility; Nabataean queenship", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "North Arabian and Nabataean goddess; one of the three \"Daughters of Allah\" named in Quran 53:19-20; \"the most mighty\" or \"the strong one\"; associated with the planet Venus (morning star) and with Aphrodite in Greek contexts; her principal sanctuary was at Nakhla between Mecca and Ta'if; also worshipped at Petra; closely related to the Canaanite/Phoenician Astarte and Mesopotamian Ishtar Venus-goddess tradition; she was the most important of the three \"Daughters\" in the Hijaz", "deity"], ["ENT_ARA_DUSHARA", "Dushara", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "chief deity of the Nabataeans / sky and mountain god", "High Deity", "divine supremacy; mountain; sky; sun; royal patronage; fertility; Nabataean kingdom; aniconic baetyl cult", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Chief deity of the Nabataean kingdom (Petra; 4th c. BCE - 106 CE); \"Lord of the Mountain\" (Dhu al-Shara = \"he of the Shara mountains\"); his aniconic form was a black stone (baetyl); identified with Dionysus by Greek and Roman authors, and with Zeus by others; his cult was carried throughout the Nabataean diaspora to the Hauran, Egypt, and Rome; Healey (2001) documents him as the paradigm Nabataean deity whose Dionysus identification shaped Greek understanding of Arabian religion", "deity"], ["ENT_ARA_HUBAL", "Hubal", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "Chief deity / Moon god", "High Deity", "chief deity; moon; tribal sovereignty; Mecca; Kaaba; pre-Islamic Arabian pantheon", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "Chief deity of the Kaaba sanctuary at Mecca before Islam; his idol (a human figure in red carnelian or gold, with a golden right hand) stood inside the Kaaba; divination by arrows was performed before him; described in Ibn al-Kalbi's Kitab al-Asnam (Book of Idols) as the supreme deity of the Quraysh tribe and of Mecca; associated by some scholars with the moon deity tradition transmitted from Mesopotamian Nanna/Sin via Levantine cultures; the deity Muhammad's grandfather Abd al-Muttalib pledged his son in a vow before", "deity"], ["ENT_ARA_MANAT", "Manat", null, "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "goddess of fate and death", "Underworld Deity", "fate; destiny; death; moon; time; inevitable end; tribal oaths", null, null, null, "A", null, null, null, null, null, "North Arabian goddess of fate and death; one of the three \"Daughters of Allah\" named in Quran 53:20; \"the one who apportions\"; her sanctuary was at al-Mushallal near Qudayd on the Red Sea coast; associated with the moon and with the inevitable destiny of death; identified with Nemesis or Tyche in Greek contexts; particularly venerated by the tribes of Aws and Khazraj (the Medinan tribes); the oldest of the three \"Daughters\" in some traditions", "deity"]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 17, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [[{"column": "entity_class", "other_table": "entity_class", "other_column": "class_id"}, null]], "columns": ["entity_id", "canonical_name", "greek_name", "tradition", "entity_type", "category", "primary_domains", "tags", "cult_scope", "primary_period", "evidence_confidence", "review_status", "inclusion_basis", "earth_association_score", "chthonic_flag", "serpent_flag", "short_note", "entity_class"], "primary_keys": ["entity_id"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select entity_id, canonical_name, greek_name, tradition, entity_type, category, primary_domains, tags, cult_scope, primary_period, evidence_confidence, review_status, inclusion_basis, earth_association_score, chthonic_flag, serpent_flag, short_note, entity_class from entities where \"tradition\" = :p0 order by entity_id limit 101", "params": {"p0": "Pre-Islamic Arabian"}}, "facet_results": {"entity_class": {"name": "entity_class", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian", "results": [{"value": "deity", "label": "deity", "count": 9, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&entity_class=deity", "selected": false}, {"value": "object", "label": "object", "count": 5, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&entity_class=object", "selected": false}, {"value": "spirit", "label": "spirit", "count": 2, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&entity_class=spirit", "selected": false}, {"value": "collective", "label": "collective", "count": 1, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&entity_class=collective", "selected": false}], "truncated": false}, "tradition": {"name": "tradition", "type": "column", "hideable": false, "toggle_url": "/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian", "results": [{"value": "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "label": "Pre-Islamic Arabian", "count": 17, "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json", "selected": true}], "truncated": false}}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "entity_type", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&_facet=entity_type"}, {"name": "category", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&_facet=category"}, {"name": "primary_domains", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&_facet=primary_domains"}, {"name": "evidence_confidence", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entities.json?tradition=Pre-Islamic+Arabian&_facet=evidence_confidence"}], "next": null, "next_url": null, "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 41.90925000148127, "source": "jebboone/deitydb", "source_url": "https://github.com/jebboone/deitydb", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"}