✦ DeityDB
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Entities

The core table — every entity in the database, spanning gods, angels, demons, aeons, prophets, saints, heroes, spirits, monsters, personified abstractions, cosmological realms, and ritual categories. Use entity_class to filter by kind (19 controlled values: deity, angel, demon, aeon, sefirah, spirit, monster, hero, etc.). category is free text (1,148 values) and is not a reliable filter. Use tradition to filter by tradition. The short_note column contains a scholarly description with source citations.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

entity_id
{'description': 'Stable identifier (e.g. ENT_GRK_ZEUS, ENT_EGY_OSIRIS, ENT_ISL_MUSA)'}
canonical_name
{'description': 'Primary English name used in the database'}
greek_name
{'description': 'Greek-script name, where applicable'}
tradition
{'description': 'Religious or cultural tradition of origin'}
entity_class
{'description': 'Controlled top-level kind (19 values: deity, angel, demon, aeon, sefirah, spirit, monster, hero, ruler, prophet, sage, saint, scriptural-figure, abstraction, collective, realm, ritual, title, object) — recommended for filtering by kind'}
entity_type
{'description': 'Granular free-text type descriptor (934 distinct values; see entity_class for the controlled grouping)'}
category
{'description': 'Free-text functional category (1,148 distinct values, not normalised — filter on entity_class instead)'}
primary_domains
{'description': 'Primary divine domains, comma-separated'}
evidence_confidence
{'description': 'Sourcing quality: A = direct primary-text attestation; B = strong secondary; C = inference; D = speculative'}
chthonic_flag
{'description': 'True if this entity has underworld or chthonic associations'}
serpent_flag
{'description': 'True if this entity has serpent or dragon associations'}
short_note
{'description': 'Scholarly description with source citations'}

15 rows where tradition = "South Arabian"

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Suggested facets: entity_type, category, primary_domains, evidence_confidence

entity_class 2

  • deity 12
  • spirit 3

tradition 1

  • South Arabian · 15 ✖
entity_id ▼ canonical_name greek_name tradition entity_type category primary_domains tags cult_scope primary_period evidence_confidence review_status inclusion_basis earth_association_score chthonic_flag serpent_flag short_note entity_class
ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH Almaqah   South Arabian Moon deity / State god High Deity moon; state patron; Sabaean national deity; temple of Marib; divine sovereignty       A           Chief deity of the Sabaean kingdom; lunar deity (the moon is the supreme deity in South Arabian religion, not the sun); patron of the capital Marib and the great Awam temple; depicted with the crescent moon and the bull's head (the bull is sacred to the moon); attested in hundreds of dedicatory inscriptions from c. 800 BCE onward; associated with irrigation, fertility, military victory, and the protection of the tribe; the most prominent South Arabian deity in the epigraphic record; also spelled Ilmuqah, Almaqah, Almaqa deity
ENT_SAB_AMM ʿAmm   South Arabian Lunar deity / Tribal deity Nature Deity moon; Qatabanian tribal deity; lunar cycle; ancestral divine patron       A           Chief deity of the Qatabanian kingdom (neighboring Saba to the south); lunar deity like the Sabaean Almaqah; the name ʿAmm means "paternal uncle" in Arabic — the tribal patron conceived in kinship terms as the divine "uncle" of the tribe; worshipped at Timna (Qatabanian capital); the Qatabanian equivalent of Sabaean Almaqah; attested in Qatabanian inscriptions from c. 400 BCE onward; illustrates the pattern of each South Arabian kingdom having its own patron lunar deity deity
ENT_SAB_ANBAY Anbay   South Arabian Deity Deity justice; oracle; prophecy; law   regional   B candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 Qatabanian oracular and law-giving god, paired with Ḥawkam; 'Anbay and Ḥawkam' issue decrees in Qatabanian legal inscriptions. deity
ENT_SAB_ATHTAR Athtar   South Arabian Venus deity / War deity War Deity Venus; morning star; war; South Arabian astral deity; male form of Astarte tradition       A           Pan-South-Arabian Venus deity, uniquely masculine in the South Arabian tradition; associated with the planet Venus (morning/evening star) and with war and irrigation; worshipped across all South Arabian kingdoms as part of the standard divine triad (Athtar, the tribal moon deity, and Shams the sun goddess); his name is cognate with Canaanite Astarte/Attar and Akkadian Ishtar but South Arabian tradition preserved or developed the masculine form; the Ugaritic ʿAttar (who temporarily occupies Baal's throne after Baal dies) is likely the same deity; his masculine Venus role is unique in the ancient world deity
ENT_SAB_BASAMUM Basamum   South Arabian Deity Deity healing   regional   B candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 South-Arabian god of healing, his name connected to the balsam/aromatic plant (bsm); attested in votive cure-texts. deity
ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN Dhāt-Baʿdan   South Arabian Astral deity Deity sun; fertility   regional   B candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 The second solar 'Lady' of the Sabaean pantheon, paired with Dhat-Himyam; both invoked in temple dedications such as those from the Awwam sanctuary. spirit
ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM Dhāt-Ḥimyam   South Arabian Astral deity Deity sun; fertility   regional   B candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 One of the two solar 'Ladies' (Dhat = 'She of') of the Sabaean pantheon, a hypostasis of the sun-goddess; her cult was carried to Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. spirit
ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN Dhāt-Ẓahrān   South Arabian Astral deity Deity sun   regional   C candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 A further solar 'Lady' epithet of the South-Arabian sun-goddess attested in dedicatory inscriptions, a localized hypostasis of Shams. spirit
ENT_SAB_HAWBAS Hawbas   South Arabian Deity Deity fertility; moon   regional   B candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 Sabaean deity closely associated with Almaqah, frequently named alongside him at Awwam/Marib and in Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. deity
ENT_SAB_NASR Nasr   South Arabian Deity Deity protection; vulture/eagle form   regional   C candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 A South/West-Arabian deity ('vulture/eagle') named in Qurʾan 71:23 and attested in onomastics; venerated in the Himyaritic/Yemeni sphere. deity
ENT_SAB_SAYIN Sayin   South Arabian National deity Deity sun; sovereignty; protection   regional   A candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 National god of the kingdom of Hadramawt (Ancient South Arabian s1yn), worshipped at the great temple in the capital Shabwa; patron of Hadramite kingship. The older transcription "Sin" (with epithet Hawl) wrongly assimilated him to the Mesopotamian moon-god Sin; the modern consensus reads "Sayin". His astral character (solar, favoured by the eagle/radiate coin iconography, vs lunar) is debated. deity
ENT_SAB_SHAMS Shams   South Arabian Sun goddess Sun Deity sun; South Arabian solar cult; feminine solar deity; light; cosmic order       A           South Arabian sun goddess; in South Arabian religion the sun is female (unlike most Near Eastern traditions where the sun deity is male); part of the standard South Arabian divine triad with Athtar and the tribal lunar deity; the name Shams is the common Semitic word for sun (Hebrew shemesh, Arabic shams); her cult was widespread across South Arabia, though less prominent than the lunar deities; depicted with solar disc; the distinctively feminine South Arabian sun is one of the most culturally specific features of this tradition deity
ENT_SAB_TALAB Taʾlab Riyam   South Arabian Deity Deity protection; fertility; moon; tutelary   regional   A candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 Tutelary god of the Sabaean tribe Banu Sumʿay, titled 'Taʾlab Riyam' after his sanctuary on the Riyam massif; many oracle and pilgrimage inscriptions record his cult. deity
ENT_SAB_WADD Wadd   South Arabian National deity Deity moon; love; protection; covenant   regional   A candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 National god of the Minaean (Maʿin) kingdom and a pan-South-Arabian moon-deity; overwhelmingly an epigraphic deity (the "Wd ʾb" / "Wadd is father" formula on amulets, the temple at as-Sawda/Baraqish). Also named, with the other four antediluvian idols, in Qurʾan 71:23. deity
ENT_SAB_YAGHUTH Yagūth   South Arabian Deity Deity protection; aid in war; lion form   regional   C candidate_verified_name Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0) 0 0 0 Pre-Islamic deity ('he helps') named in Qurʾan 71:23 alongside Yaʿuq and Nasr; lion-idol of Madhhij/Murad in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi. deity

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CREATE TABLE "entities" (
   [entity_id] TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
   [canonical_name] TEXT,
   [greek_name] TEXT,
   [tradition] TEXT,
   [entity_type] TEXT,
   [category] TEXT,
   [primary_domains] TEXT,
   [tags] TEXT,
   [cult_scope] TEXT,
   [primary_period] TEXT,
   [evidence_confidence] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [inclusion_basis] TEXT,
   [earth_association_score] INTEGER,
   [chthonic_flag] INTEGER,
   [serpent_flag] INTEGER,
   [short_note] TEXT,
   [entity_class] TEXT REFERENCES [entity_class]([class_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entities_entity_class]
    ON [entities] ([entity_class]);
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