{"database": "deitydb", "table": "entity_sources", "is_view": false, "human_description_en": "where source_id = \"SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES\"", "rows": [["ENT_ARA_ALLAT", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 3.8: \"Alilat\" named as the Arabic name for Aphrodite Urania"], ["ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 3.8: \"The Arabians call Aphrodite Ourania Alilat\" \u2014 Alilat is identified with both Al-Lat and Al-Uzza in Arabian tradition; this is the earliest surviving Greek reference to a named Arabian goddess; the Aphrodite Ourania equation establishes her as a Venus-type celestial deity"], ["ENT_BENDIS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 5.7: the three Thracian gods include Artemis \u2014 scholarship identifies this with Bendis in the Athenian reception context. Herodotus writing c. 430 BCE, contemporary with the Bendideia decree."], ["ENT_DAC_DERZELAS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Hist. IV.93-96 provides the Getae/Thracian religious context (Zalmoxis, immortality beliefs) within which Derzelas's regional cult develops. Not a direct source for Derzelas but establishes the Dacian-Thracian religious matrix."], ["ENT_DIONYSUS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.49, 2.144, 2.156: Herodotus traces Dionysus's origins to Egypt (= Osiris) and claims Melampus introduced the Dionysiac rites to Greece from Egypt; he also names Dionysus as much more ancient than Greek genealogy allows; a critical early text for Dionysus's oriental connections"], ["ENT_EGY_AMUN", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.42: \"Those [Egyptians] who dwell near Thebes sacrifice no sheep but goats... they honor Zeus [= Amun]\" \u2014 Herodotus explicitly identifies the Theban Amun with Zeus; the oracle of Zeus Ammon in Libya is the Hellenized form of the Siwa Amun oracle; 2.42 and throughout"], ["ENT_EGY_HORUS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.144: Horus is equated with Apollo (\"the Egyptians say that Ares and Apollo ... in Egyptian they call Ares Onuris [= Anhur], and Apollo Horus\"); the Horus=Apollo identification, while less prominent than Osiris=Dionysus, is made explicit by Herodotus"], ["ENT_EGY_ISIS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.41, 2.59: \"Isis in the Greek tongue is Demeter\"; Herodotus identifies Isis with Demeter at the festival of Bubastis (2.59) and through the grain/agriculture connection; the primary ancient Greek text for the Isis=Demeter equation"], ["ENT_EGY_OSIRIS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.42, 2.144: Osiris is explicitly equated with Dionysus; Herodotus says \"the Egyptians celebrate a feast to Dionysus [Osiris]\" and links the myth of Dionysus's death and resurrection to Osiris; the oldest surviving Greek text making this equation"], ["ENT_EGY_THOTH", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.52: Herodotus states the Egyptians gave names to the gods that the Greeks then adopted; the equation of Thoth with Hermes (\"Hermes they derive from Egypt\") underlies the later Hermes Trismegistus tradition; the primary ancient source for this equation"], ["ENT_HERACLES", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.44: Herodotus explicitly distinguishes the Greek Heracles from the Phoenician Melqart; he claims to have visited the ancient temple of Heracles at Tyre (two sacred pillars, one gold, one emerald); 2.145: Heracles is placed in a much earlier genealogical stratum than the Greek tradition allows, establishing him as a universal ancient hero"], ["ENT_IACCHUS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 8.65: the Eleusinian \"Iakchos\" procession-cry; cf. Orphic Hymn 42."], ["ENT_PHO_MELQART", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 2.44: description of the Tyrian Heracles (Melqart) sanctuary and two pillars"], ["ENT_SABAZIOS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 5.7: the three Thracian gods described as Ares, Dionysus, and Artemis. Scholarship identifies the Dionysian/ecstatic figure in this triad with Sabazios. Not named directly, but key for Thracian divine typology."], ["ENT_SCYTH_API", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: \"Earth Api\" \u2014 paired with Papaeus as sky-earth divine couple."], ["ENT_SCYTH_ARTIMPASA", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2 (named Artimpasa = Aphrodite Urania); 4.67 (Enarees \u2014 transvestite priests serving her). Two separate attestation contexts."], ["ENT_SCYTH_OETOSYRUS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: \"Apollo Oetosyrus\" \u2014 Scythian sun god identified with Apollo."], ["ENT_SCYTH_PAPAEUS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: \"Zeus (very rightly in my judgment) Papaeus; Earth Api\" \u2014 Herodotus notes the cosmological pair explicitly."], ["ENT_SCYTH_SWORD_ARES", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.3 and 4.62: the sword-Ares cult described in detail \u2014 the only Scythian deity with a constructed altar; annual festival; human and equine sacrifice; wine poured over victims' heads."], ["ENT_SCYTH_TABITI", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: \"Hestia they call Tabiti; the Scythians worship Hestia above all gods.\" Primary and only ancient source naming Tabiti."], ["ENT_SCYTH_THAGIMASADAS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: \"Poseidon Thagimasadas\" \u2014 worshipped only by Royal Scythians; Herodotus's explicit note about this restriction is significant."], ["ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 2.42, 3.26: Herodotus describes the oracle of Zeus Ammon (= Amun) at the Siwa oasis in Libya; the oracle that Cambyses' army tried to reach; the primary ancient source establishing Zeus Ammon as a widely recognized cross-cultural deity"], ["ENT_THRA_GEBELEIZIS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 4.94: sole ancient attestation \u2014 the Getae shoot arrows at the sky to threaten Gebeleizis during thunderstorms, believing no god exists but their own. Immediately precedes the Zalmoxis account."], ["ENT_THRA_ZALMOXIS", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Herodotus 4.94-96: the longest ancient account of Zalmoxis \u2014 the Getae belief in immortality, the four-year messenger ritual, and the Greek rationalist alternative of Zalmoxis as former slave of Pythagoras. Primary and most detailed attestation; Herodotus himself is sceptical of the Greek version."], ["ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "direct attestation", "Histories 1.131: \"The Persians have no images of the gods, no temples nor altars, and consider their use a sign of folly... Their wont is to ascend the summits of the loftiest mountains, and there to offer sacrifice to Jove [= Ahura Mazda], which is the name they give to the whole circuit of the firmament\"; the earliest surviving Greek account of the Persian deity identified as the sky"], ["ENT_ZOR_ANAHITA", "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES", "scholarly attestation", "Histories 1.131: Herodotus notes the Persians sacrifice to \"Aphrodite Ourania\" \u2014 this is almost certainly the Persian Anahita in Greek interpretatio; later confirmed by Artaxerxes II inscriptions; Herodotus is the earliest Greek source linking Persian religion to an Aphrodite-type figure"]], "truncated": false, "filtered_table_rows_count": 26, "expanded_columns": [], "expandable_columns": [[{"column": "source_id", "other_table": "sources", "other_column": "source_id"}, "title"], [{"column": "entity_id", "other_table": "entities", "other_column": "entity_id"}, "canonical_name"]], "columns": ["entity_id", "source_id", "evidence_type", "source_note"], "primary_keys": ["entity_id", "source_id", "evidence_type"], "units": {}, "query": {"sql": "select entity_id, source_id, evidence_type, source_note from entity_sources where \"source_id\" = :p0 order by entity_id, source_id, evidence_type limit 101", "params": {"p0": "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES"}}, "facet_results": {}, "suggested_facets": [{"name": "evidence_type", "toggle_url": "http://deitydb-explorer.fly.dev/deitydb/entity_sources.json?source_id=SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES&_facet=evidence_type"}], "next": null, "next_url": null, "private": false, "allow_execute_sql": true, "query_ms": 7.539062997238943, "source": "jebboone/deitydb", "source_url": "https://github.com/jebboone/deitydb", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"}