{"database": "deitydb", "table": "periods", "rows": [["PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL", "Elamite", "Kingdom of Elam", -2200, -539, "The period of the Kingdom of Elam (Elamite: haltamti; Sumerian: NIM.MA; Akkadian: Elam) from the Old Elamite period through the Neo-Elamite period, ending with the Achaemenid Persian conquest of Susa in 539 BCE. Elam was the dominant non-Mesopotamian civilisation of the ancient Near East for nearly two millennia, centered on Susa (modern Shush, Khuzestan, SW Iran) in the lowlands and Anshan (near Shiraz, Fars, SW Iran) in the highlands. The three principal phases: Old Elamite (c. 2200\u20131600 BCE), during which Elamite civilization interacted intensively with Ur III Mesopotamia and developed its cuneiform-based recording tradition; Middle Elamite (c. 1600\u20131100 BCE), the period of Elamite imperial expansion, including the sacking of Babylon (1155 BCE, when Shutruk-Nahhunte captured the stele of Hammurabi and the stele of Naram-Sin, now in the Louvre); and Neo-Elamite (c. 1100\u2013539 BCE), the period of conflict with the Neo-Assyrian Empire culminating in Assurbanipal's destruction of Susa (647 BCE) and the subsequent Achaemenid incorporation of Elamite territory. The Elamite language (a language isolate \u2014 not related to Semitic or Indo-European families) was used in administration through the Achaemenid period; Elamite religious traditions directly influenced the emerging Achaemenid Iranian religious culture, making Elam the missing link between the Mesopotamian and Zoroastrian/Iranian layers in the DeityDB dataset. Potts (1999) and Carter & Stolper (1984) are the standard references."]], "columns": ["period_id", "tradition", "period_name", "start_year", "end_year", "notes"], "primary_keys": ["period_id"], "primary_key_values": ["PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL"], "units": {}, "query_ms": 0.7797909997862007, "source": "jebboone/deitydb", "source_url": "https://github.com/jebboone/deitydb", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"}