entity_id,canonical_name,greek_name,tradition,entity_type,category,primary_domains,tags,cult_scope,primary_period,evidence_confidence,review_status,inclusion_basis,earth_association_score,chthonic_flag,serpent_flag,short_note,entity_class
ENT_MES_ADAD_ISHKUR,Adad/Ishkur,,Mesopotamian,Storm god,Storm Deity,storm; thunder; rain; fertility,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,1,0,0,"Storm god associated with thunder, rain, and fertility.",deity
ENT_MES_ALALA,Alala,,Mesopotamian,Primordial deity,Theogonic ancestor,the ancestors of Anu,,national,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,0,0,0,A primordial ancestor of Anu (paired with Belili) in the theogonic god-lists.,deity
ENT_MES_AMURRU,Amurru,,Mesopotamian,God,Nomad god,the steppe; the Amorite nomads,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,2,0,0,"""Martu,"" the god of the western nomads (the Amorites), son of Anu, husband of Ashratum.",deity
ENT_MES_ANSHAR,Anshar,,Mesopotamian,Primordial being,Sky horizon,the horizon of heaven; the host of the gods,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Primordial (Enuma Elish),0,0,0,"Anshar, the ""whole sky,"" father of Anu, who marshals the gods against Tiamat.",deity
ENT_MES_ANU,Anu,,Mesopotamian,High god,High Deity,sky; kingship; divine authority,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,0,0,0,Sky god and high divine authority.,deity
ENT_MES_APSU,Apsu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial being,Primordial Power,freshwater abyss; primordial waters; creation,,Babylonian cosmogony,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian primordial being,2,0,0,Primordial freshwater abyss in Babylonian cosmogony.,deity
ENT_MES_ASHGI,Ashgi,,Mesopotamian,God,Tutelary,war; tutelary of Adab and Kesh,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Warrior god and original tutelary of Adab, son of Ninhursag and Shulpae, already named in Early Dynastic sources from Fara and the Kesh Temple Hymn.",deity
ENT_MES_ASHNAN,Ezina-Ashnan,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Grain goddess,grain; the harvest,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Debate between Sheep and Grain,3,0,0,"The grain goddess (Sumerian Ezina = Akkadian Ashnan), sister of Lahar, who contends with the flocks in the Sumerian debate-poem.",deity
ENT_MES_ASHUR,Ashur,,Mesopotamian,State god,State Deity,Assyria; kingship; empire; war,,Assyrian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,1,0,0,Chief god of Assyria and Assyrian kingship.,deity
ENT_MES_AYA,Aya,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Dawn deity,dawn; light; love,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Consort of Shamash,0,0,0,"Aya, the dawn goddess and consort of the sun-god Shamash.",deity
ENT_MES_BAU,Bau,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Healing/mother deity,healing; abundance; the city of Lagash,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,City goddess of Lagash,0,0,0,"The mother and healing goddess of Lagash (Baba), consort of Ningirsu.",deity
ENT_MES_BELET_ILI,Belet-ili,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Mother/birth deity,the creation of humankind; birth,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Birth-mother goddess,1,0,0,"Belet-ili (Mami/Nintu), the womb-goddess who fashions humankind from clay in Atrahasis.",deity
ENT_MES_BELET_SERI,Belet-seri,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Underworld scribe,the records of the dead,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Scribe of the underworld,0,1,0,"Belet-seri, the scribe of the underworld who keeps the register of the dead.",deity
ENT_MES_BELILI,Belili,,Mesopotamian,Primordial deity,Theogonic ancestor,the ancestors of Anu,,national,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,0,0,0,A primordial ancestress of Anu (paired with Alala) in the theogonic god-lists.,deity
ENT_MES_DAGAN,Dagan,,Mesopotamian,God,Grain/chief god,grain; fertility; the chief god of the middle Euphrates,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,3,0,0,"The grain god and ""father of the gods"" of the middle Euphrates (Tuttul, Terqa), father of the storm-god Hadad.",deity
ENT_MES_DAMKINA,Damkina,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Mother of Marduk,the deep waters; motherhood,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Consort of Ea,0,0,0,"Damkina (Damgalnuna), consort of Ea and mother of Marduk.",deity
ENT_MES_DAMU,Damu,,Mesopotamian,God,Healing/dying deity,healing; the dying vegetation; the return of life,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Healing/dying god,1,0,0,"The healing and vegetation god of Isin, son of Ninisina (= Gula by syncretism); a dying god mourned in laments of the Dumuzi type.",deity
ENT_MES_DUMUZI_ABZU,Dumuzi-abzu,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,fertility; freshwater abzu; tutelary of Kinunir,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Tutelary goddess of Kinunir near Lagash (also called Kinirša), a female counterpart to Dumuzi attested in the Early Dynastic Lagash state pantheon.",deity
ENT_MES_DUMUZI_TAMMUZ,Dumuzi/Tammuz,,Mesopotamian,Dying/fertility god,Fertility Deity,shepherding; fertility; dying god; vegetation,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,4,1,0,Shepherd/fertility god associated with death and return traditions.,deity
ENT_MES_ENBILULU,Enbilulu,,Mesopotamian,God,Irrigation god,canals; irrigation; rivers,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Lambert, BCM",3,0,0,"The god of canals and irrigation, son of Enki, later counted among the fifty names of Marduk.",deity
ENT_MES_ENKI_EA,Enki/Ea,,Mesopotamian,Wisdom/creator god,Wisdom Deity,wisdom; water; magic; creation; craft,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,2,0,0,"God of wisdom, sweet waters, magic, and creation.",deity
ENT_MES_ENLIL,Enlil,,Mesopotamian,High god,High Deity,air; storm; kingship; authority,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,0,0,0,"Major god of authority, wind, and kingship.",deity
ENT_MES_ENMESHARRA,Enmesharra,,Mesopotamian,Primordial deity,Underworld primordial,"the underworld; the ancient ""me""s; the dead gods",,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Lambert, BCM",0,1,0,"A primordial ""dead god,"" lord of the ancient powers (me), an underworld figure who contends with Enlil/Ninurta/Marduk.",deity
ENT_MES_ENNUGI,Ennugi,,Mesopotamian,God,Irrigation/underworld god,canal-inspection; agriculture; the underworld,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,3,1,0,"The ""canal-inspector of the gods,"" throne-bearer of Enlil, with underworld associations; of Nippur.",deity
ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL,Ereshkigal,,Mesopotamian,Underworld queen,Underworld Deity,underworld; death; sovereignty of dead,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,5,1,0,Queen of the underworld.,deity
ENT_MES_ERRA,Erra,,Mesopotamian,God,Plague/war deity,plague; war; violence; destruction,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,God of plague and war,0,0,0,"Erra (Errakal), the god of plague, war and indiscriminate destruction; protagonist of the Erra Epic.",deity
ENT_MES_GATUMDUG,Gatumdug,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,motherhood; tutelary of Lagash; kingship,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Tutelary goddess of Lagash described metaphorically as its mother in Early Dynastic sources, later honored by Gudea who called her his mother and father.",deity
ENT_MES_GESHTINANNA,Geshtinanna,,Mesopotamian,Underworld/fertility goddess,Fertility Deity,sister of Dumuzi; underworld; scribal wisdom; fertility,,Sumerian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,3,1,0,Sister of Dumuzi with underworld and scribal associations.,deity
ENT_MES_GIBIL_GIRRA,Gibil,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,fire; light; metallurgy; ritual purification,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Fire god (Akk. Girra), patron of metalworkers and purification, with earliest attestations in Early Dynastic III administrative texts from Fara and Telloh.",deity
ENT_MES_GULA,Gula,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Healing deity,healing; medicine; dogs,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Great healing goddess,0,0,0,"The great healing goddess (""the great physician""); originally distinct from but syncretized with Ninisina, Nintinugga and Bau; her emblem animal is the dog.",deity
ENT_MES_GUNURA,Gunura,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,healing; lamentation,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Daughter of Ninisina and Pabilsag and sister of the dying healer-god Damu, attested as part of the Isin healing-goddess circle.",deity
ENT_MES_HENDURSAGA,Hendursaga,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,night watch; heralds; law and order; protection of streets,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Divine night-watchman and 'chief herald,' attested in the Lagash pantheon from the Early Dynastic period and later equated with Akkadian Ishum.",deity
ENT_MES_HUSHBISHAG,Hushbishag,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Underworld official,the household of the underworld,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,1,0,"The stewardess/housekeeper of the underworld, wife of Namtar in Ereshkigal's court.",deity
ENT_MES_IGALIMA,Igalima,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,doorkeeping; justice; sons of Ningirsu,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Son of Ningirsu and Bau, the divine 'door of the throne-room'/E-ninnu, receiving offerings already in Early Dynastic Lagash and named on the Gudea cylinders.",deity
ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR,Inanna/Ishtar,,Mesopotamian,Love/war goddess,War Deity,love; sex; war; sovereignty; Venus,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,1,0,0,"Major goddess of love, sexuality, war, and Venus.",deity
ENT_MES_ISHARA,Ishara,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Love/oath goddess,love; marriage; oaths; divination; the scorpion,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,0,1,"A goddess of love, marriage, oaths and divination (scorpion/Scorpius symbol), of Syrian origin, distinct from Ishtar.",deity
ENT_MES_ISHTARAN,Ishtaran,,Mesopotamian,God,Justice deity,divine justice; the city of Der; serpents,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,City god of Der,0,0,1,"The divine judge and city-god of Der, served by the serpent-god Nirah.",deity
ENT_MES_ISHUM,Ishum,,Mesopotamian,God,Herald/fire deity,fire; the night-watch; restraint; the herald of Erra,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Herald of Erra,0,0,0,"Ishum, the benevolent fire-god and herald who restrains the fury of Erra.",deity
ENT_MES_ISIMUD,Isimud,,Mesopotamian,God,Vizier deity,the two-faced vizier of Enki,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,0,0,"The two-faced sukkal of Enki, who carries his master's messages and guards the gate of the Abzu.",deity
ENT_MES_KAKKA,Kakka,,Mesopotamian,God,Messenger deity,messenger of Anu and Anshar,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Enuma Elish,0,0,0,"The divine messenger of Anu and Anshar, sent between the gods in Enuma Elish and the Descent of Ishtar.",deity
ENT_MES_KINGU,Kingu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial rebel god,Primordial Being,revolt; tablets of destiny; Tiamat faction,,Babylonian cosmogony,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian primordial being,2,0,0,Consort/champion of Tiamat associated with the Tablets of Destiny.,deity
ENT_MES_KISHAR,Kishar,,Mesopotamian,Primordial being,Earth horizon,the horizon of earth,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Primordial (Enuma Elish),2,0,0,"Kishar, the ""whole earth,"" consort of Anshar.",deity
ENT_MES_KULLA,Kulla,,Mesopotamian,God,Building god,bricks; brickmaking,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,3,0,0,"The brick-god, formed by Ea from clay, invoked at the start of building and banished at its completion.",deity
ENT_MES_LAHAMU,Lahamu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial deity,Theogonic pair,the primeval silt; the first generation,,national,,A,candidate_verified_name,Enuma Elish,0,0,1,"The female counterpart of Lahmu, second of the primeval pair born of Apsu and Tiamat; parents of Anshar and Kishar.",deity
ENT_MES_LAHAR,Lahar,,Mesopotamian,Deity,Cattle/flocks deity,sheep; flocks; wool,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Debate between Sheep and Grain,3,0,0,"The deity of flocks and wool, sibling of Ashnan in the Debate between Sheep and Grain.",deity
ENT_MES_LAHMU,Lahmu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial being,Protective primordial,the primordial silt; protection; the cosmic deep,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Primordial pair (Enuma Elish),0,0,0,"Lahmu (with Lahamu), the first pair born of Apsu and Tiamat; also a hairy protective hero.",deity
ENT_MES_LISIN,Lisin,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,motherhood; later fire; lamentation,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Originally a goddess addressed as 'mother,' the final deity praised in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns as tutelary of Abu Salabikh; daughter of Shulpae and Ninhursag.",deity
ENT_MES_LUGALIRRA,Lugal-irra,,Mesopotamian,God,Twin/guardian god,doorways; the underworld; war,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,1,0,"One of the divine twins (with Meslamta-ea), apotropaic guardians of doorways, equated with Nergal; the constellation Gemini.",deity
ENT_MES_LUGAL_MARADA,Lugal-Marada,,Mesopotamian,God,Tutelary,earth; the plow; tutelary of Marad; war,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"City god of Marad, sometimes a manifestation of Ninurta; subject of one of the Temple Hymns, with cult attested from the 3rd millennium.",deity
ENT_MES_LULAL,Lulal,,Mesopotamian,God,Protective god,the steppe; protection; the servant of Inanna,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Inanna's Descent,1,0,0,"""King of the Steppe,"" a protective god and servant of Inanna at Bad-tibira; later apotropaic.",deity
ENT_MES_MARDUK,Marduk,,Mesopotamian,State god,State Deity,kingship; creation; storm; Babylon,,Babylonian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,1,0,0,"Chief god of Babylon, associated with kingship and creation.",deity
ENT_MES_MESLAMTAEA,Meslamta-ea,,Mesopotamian,God,Twin/guardian god,doorways; the underworld; war,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,1,0,"The other of the divine twins (with Lugal-irra), guardian of doorways, equated with Nergal.",deity
ENT_MES_MES_SANGA_UNUG,Mes-sanga-Unug,,Mesopotamian,God,Tutelary,war; tutelary of Kullaba (Uruk),,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Warrior god of Uruk's Kullaba district, 'great ensi of Inanna,' belonging to the earliest Uruk pantheon and named in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.",deity
ENT_MES_MUMMU,Mummu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial being,Vizier of Apsu,the mist; counsel; the craftsman principle,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Primordial (Enuma Elish),0,0,0,"Mummu, the vizier and counsellor of Apsu, bound by Ea at the cosmos' beginning.",deity
ENT_MES_MUSHDAMMA,Mushdamma,,Mesopotamian,God,Building god,building; architecture,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Enki and the World Order,3,0,0,"The divine architect, ""great builder of Enlil,"" appointed by Enki; paired with Kulla.",deity
ENT_MES_NABU,Nabu,,Mesopotamian,Writing/wisdom god,Wisdom Deity,writing; scribes; wisdom; destiny,,Babylonian/Assyrian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,0,0,0,"God of writing, scribes, wisdom, and destiny.",deity
ENT_MES_NAMMU,Nammu,,Mesopotamian,Primordial sea goddess,Primordial Deity,primordial sea; first creator; mother of gods; Sumerian cosmogony,,,,A,,,,,,"The primordial sea goddess of Eridu theology; the oldest deity in the Eridu cosmogonic tradition; her name appears to mean ""the sea"" (the primordial body of water, not the salt sea); in Enki and the World Order (ETCSL 1.1.3) Nammu is listed as the first deity, before Anu; in the Debate between Sheep and Grain (ETCSL 5.3.2) Nammu is the mother of Anu and Enlil; in the Eridu Genesis (a Sumerian flood narrative) she is the primordial creator; in Enki and Ninmah (ETCSL 1.1.2) Nammu wakes Enki to help her create humanity — she is Enki's mother, and her request launches the creation-of-humanity myth; among the oldest attested deities in the Sumerian tradition, associated with the Abzu (the subterranean fresh water) and with the primordial creative principle; later largely superseded by Tiamat (saltwater) and Apsu (fresh water) in the Babylonian theological tradition",deity
ENT_MES_NANAYA,Nanaya,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Love deity,love; sensuality; eroticism,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Goddess of love,0,0,0,"The goddess of love and sensuality, closely associated with Inanna.",deity
ENT_MES_NANNA_SIN,Nanna/Sin,,Mesopotamian,Moon god,Moon Deity,moon; time; cattle; calendrical order,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,0,0,0,"Moon god associated with time, cycles, and cattle.",deity
ENT_MES_NANSHE,Nanshe,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Justice/divination deity,social justice; dream-divination; fish; the poor,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,City goddess of Lagash,1,0,0,"The Lagash goddess of social justice, dream interpretation and fish.",deity
ENT_MES_NERGAL,Nergal,,Mesopotamian,Underworld/war god,Underworld Deity,underworld; plague; war; death,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,4,1,0,"God associated with war, plague, death, and the underworld.",deity
ENT_MES_NETI,Neti,,Mesopotamian,God,Underworld gatekeeper,the gates of the underworld,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Gatekeeper of the underworld,0,1,0,"Neti, the chief gatekeeper of the underworld who admits the descending Inanna.",deity
ENT_MES_NINAZU,Ninazu,,Mesopotamian,God,Underworld/healing deity,the underworld; healing; serpents,,Mesopotamian,,B,candidate_verified_name,Underworld/healing god,0,1,1,"The god of the underworld and healing, father of Ningishzida.",deity
ENT_MES_NINDARA,Nindara,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,warrior; 'tax-collector of the sea'; Lagash,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Local Lagash god and husband of Nanshe, attested in the Early Dynastic Lagash pantheon; Selz regards him as elder brother of Hendursaga.",deity
ENT_MES_NINEGAL,Ninegal,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,palaces; royal dynasty; protection of kingship,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Goddess Ninegal / Belet-ekallim (""Lady of the Palace""), originally a distinct palace goddess and guardian of the royal dynasty; oldest attestation the ED Fara god list. Equated with Inanna only in some later literary contexts.",deity
ENT_MES_NINGAL,Ningal,,Mesopotamian,Moon goddess / Divine consort,Nature Deity,moon; divine consort of Nanna/Sin; mother of Utu/Shamash; Ur; night,,,,A,,,,,,"""Great Lady"" (Sumerian: nin = lady, gal = great); divine consort of Nanna/Sin the moon god; her primary cult centers are Ur (the Nanna/Sin temple city) and Harran; she is explicitly named in Sumerian hymns and laments as the mother of Inanna/Ishtar (the evening/morning star) and Utu/Shamash (the sun); the Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur (ETCSL 2.2.2) gives her a major role as the goddess who pleads before the divine assembly not to destroy Ur but is ultimately unable to prevent it — one of the most powerful divine lament figures in Sumerian literature; she is also the mother of Ereshkigal in some traditions, making her the mother of both the love goddess (Inanna) and the queen of death (Ereshkigal); her cult at Harran survived into the Islamic period among the Sabians",deity
ENT_MES_NINGIRIDA,Ningirida,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,underworld (by association); chthonic family of Ninazu,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Wife of the chthonic god Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida, appearing alongside Ninazu from the Ur III period.",deity
ENT_MES_NINGIRIMA,Ningirima,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,incantations; ritual purification; snakes; sacred water,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Major Early Dynastic incantation goddess and divine purifier associated with snakes and sacred-water basins, central to the earliest Sumerian magical tradition.",deity
ENT_MES_NINGIRSU,Ningirsu,,Mesopotamian,God,Warrior/agriculture deity,war; irrigation; the city of Lagash,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,City god of Lagash,1,0,0,"The warrior and irrigation god of Lagash, a local form of Ninurta; patron of Gudea.",deity
ENT_MES_NINGISHZIDA,Ningishzida,,Mesopotamian,God,Underworld/vegetation deity,the underworld; vegetation; serpents; the throne,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Chthonic serpent god,1,1,1,"The chthonic serpent god of vegetation and the underworld threshold, personal god of Gudea.",deity
ENT_MES_NINGUBLAGA,Ningublaga,,Mesopotamian,God,Cattle god,cattle; the herds of the moon-god,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,2,0,0,"A cattle-god of Kiabrig, son of Nanna/Sin, who oversaw the moon-god's herds.",deity
ENT_MES_NINHURSAG,Ninhursag,,Mesopotamian,Mother goddess,Fertility Deity,motherhood; birth; mountains; fertility,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,5,0,0,"Mother goddess associated with birth, mountains, and fertility.",deity
ENT_MES_NINILDU,Ninildu,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,carpentry; craft,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Divine carpenter worshiped at Zabalam, attested in the god lists from Abu Salabikh and Fara and in the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.",deity
ENT_MES_NINIMMA,Ninimma,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,scribal arts; scholarship; birth assistance,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,Divine scholar/scribe and courtier of Enlil who also assisted at birth; attested among the early Nippur circle and in Enki and Ninmah.,deity
ENT_MES_NINIRIGAL,Ninirigal,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,tutelary of Kullaba (Uruk),,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Tutelary goddess of Uruk's Kullaba district, counted among the chief deities praised in the opening Early Dynastic hymns.",deity
ENT_MES_NINISINA,Ninisina,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,healing; medicine; tutelary of Isin,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"'Lady of Isin,' great divine physician first attested in the Fara god lists of the Early Dynastic IIIa period; wife of Pabilsag, later syncretized with Gula.",deity
ENT_MES_NINKASI,Ninkasi,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Beer deity,beer; brewing,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Goddess of beer,1,0,0,"The goddess of beer and brewing, celebrated in the Hymn to Ninkasi.",deity
ENT_MES_NINKURRA,Ninkurra,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,sculpture; stone-working; craft,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Divine artisan/sculptor of the Enki-Ninhursag birth sequence, daughter of Ninshar and mother of Uttu in the Dilmun myth tradition. (A craftsman deity Ninkurra in An=Anum may be a distinct, possibly male, figure.)",deity
ENT_MES_NINLIL,Ninlil,,Mesopotamian,Mother goddess / Divine consort,Fertility Deity,motherhood; grain; divine consort of Enlil; divine wind; earth; Nippur,,,,A,,,,,,"""Lady of the Grain"" or ""Lady Air"" (Sumerian: nin = lady, lil = grain/air); consort of Enlil and the most important divine mother in the Sumerian pantheon; her primary cult center is Nippur alongside Enlil; the Enlil and Ninlil myth (ETCSL 1.2.1) narrates how Enlil, exiled to the underworld for raping the young Ninlil by the banks of the canal, is followed there by Ninlil; their underground union produces the moon god Nanna/Sin and two other underworld deities (Nergal and Ninazu in some traditions); she is also called Sud in an older tradition before her marriage to Enlil; in the Old Babylonian period she is identified with Ninhursag and with the ""Lady of the Earth"" tradition; she is the divine mother whose children include the moon (Nanna/Sin), the warrior (Ninurta), and the underworld power (Nergal)",deity
ENT_MES_NINMUG,Ninmug,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,metalworking; craft; birth,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Divine metalworker/sculptor ('tibira kalamma') and birth-helper of Ninmah, attested in the Early Dynastic Fara god list with cult at Kisiga and Adab.",deity
ENT_MES_NINNIGARA,Ninnigara,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,birth; healing; the niĝar shrine,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Goddess of the niĝar (a birth/temple precinct) linked to birth and healing, attested in the Fara god list and the Early Dynastic Zame Hymns.",deity
ENT_MES_NINSHAR,Ninshar,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,vegetation; craft; birth assistance,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,Goddess of the Enki–Ninhursag and Enki–Ninmah birth-helper circle; the theophoric name Ur-Ninšar is common in Early Dynastic and Ur III sources.,deity
ENT_MES_NINSHUBUR,Ninshubur,,Mesopotamian,God,Vizier deity,the sukkal (vizier) of Inanna; messenger,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Inanna's Descent,0,0,0,"The faithful sukkal (vizier/minister) of Inanna (and of An), whose intercession rescues her from the underworld.",deity
ENT_MES_NINSIANNA,Ninsianna,,Mesopotamian,Deity,Astral deity,the planet Venus,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,0,0,0,"The personified planet Venus, whose gender varied by city; closely linked to Inanna.",deity
ENT_MES_NINSIKILA,Ninsikila,,Mesopotamian,Deity,Deity,purity; consort cult of Lisin,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Spouse of Lisin, male in Early Dynastic sources (Zame Hymns) before a later gender reversal; distinct from the homophonous Dilmunite goddess Meskilak.",deity
ENT_MES_NINSUN,Ninsun,,Mesopotamian,Divine mother / Cow goddess,Fertility Deity,divine mother; wild cow; mother of Gilgamesh; dream interpretation; Uruk,,,,A,,,,,,"""Lady Wild Cow"" (Sumerian nin = lady, sun4 = wild cow); divine mother of Gilgamesh; daughter of Anu and the earth goddess; her divine nature makes Gilgamesh ""two-thirds divine"" (Aga of Kish); priestesses of Ninsun are attested at Ur; known for her wisdom and ability to interpret dreams — she interprets Gilgamesh's dreams in Tablet I of the Epic; adopts Enkidu as her son before the Cedar Forest expedition; a divine mother figure whose wisdom supports the hero",deity
ENT_MES_NINTI,Ninti,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,the rib / life ('lady of life'); healing,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"'Lady of the rib/life,' one of the eight healing deities born of Ninhursag in the Dilmun myth; attested near Ninkasi in a Fara-period document.",deity
ENT_MES_NINTINUGGA,Nintinugga,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Healing goddess,healing; medicine,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,0,0,0,"A Nippur healing goddess, ""the lady who restores the dead to life,"" distinct from but akin to Gula.",deity
ENT_MES_NINURA,Ninura,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,tutelary of Umma; consort cult of Shara,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Goddess of the Umma region and wife of Shara, attested only in third-millennium sources before being displaced by Inanna of Zabalam.",deity
ENT_MES_NINURTA,Ninurta,,Mesopotamian,War/agriculture god,War Deity,war; agriculture; kingship; heroic combat,,Sumerian/Akkadian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,3,0,0,"God of war, agriculture, and heroic combat.",deity
ENT_MES_NIN_MARKI,Nin-MAR.KI,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Tutelary,cattle; oaths; long-distance trade; coastal Lagash,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Divine protector of cattle and oath-deity in the Lagash pantheon, daughter of Nanshe and Nindara, with chief cult center at the sea-port Guabba; attested in Early Dynastic Lagash.",deity
ENT_MES_NIRAH,Nirah,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,serpents; divine messenger; Der cult,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Serpent god and messenger (sukkal) of Ishtaran of Der, depicted as a snake; attested from the 3rd millennium onward. (His earlier ""son of Ishtaran"" modeling was incorrect — he is Ishtaran's minister, not son.)",deity
ENT_MES_NISABA,Nisaba,,Mesopotamian,Writing/grain goddess,Agrarian Deity,writing; grain; accounting; scribal arts,,Sumerian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Mesopotamian core deity,3,0,0,"Goddess of writing, grain, accounting, and scribal arts.",deity
ENT_MES_NUMUSHDA,Numushda,,Mesopotamian,God,Nature/flood god,floods; wild nature; the city of Kazallu,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,An=Anum,2,0,0,"A violent flood and nature god, tutelary deity of Kazallu, son of Nanna and Ningal.",deity
ENT_MES_NUNGAL,Nungal,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Deity,prisons; judgment; underworld,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,"Goddess of prisons and divine sifter of the guilty from the innocent, a daughter-in-law of Enlil whose name is attested already in the Early Dynastic period.",deity
ENT_MES_NUSKA,Nuska,,Mesopotamian,God,Fire/light deity,fire; light; the vizier of Enlil,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,God of fire and light,0,0,0,"The god of fire and lamplight, the vizier and messenger of Enlil.",deity
ENT_MES_PABILSAG,Pabilsag,,Mesopotamian,God,Warrior/judge god,war; judgement; the constellation Sagittarius,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Black & Green,0,0,0,"A warrior god and divine judge, husband of the healing goddess Gula, identified with Sagittarius; of Isin/Larak.",deity
ENT_MES_PANIGINGARRA,Panigingarra,,Mesopotamian,God,Deity,wisdom; scholarship; tutelary of Adab,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Archaic Sumerian / Early Dynastic deity (earliest god-lists: Fara, Abu Salabikh, Zame Hymns)",0,0,0,Son of Ninhursag and Shulpae worshiped at Adab and associated with his brother Ashgi; attested from the Early Dynastic period and later equated with Ninurta.,deity
ENT_MES_SALTU,Saltu,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Personified strife,strife; discord,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Agushaya Hymn,0,0,0,"The personification of strife, created by Ea from the dirt of his fingernails to humble Ishtar in the Agushaya Hymn.",deity
ENT_MES_SARPANIT,Sarpanit,,Mesopotamian,Goddess,Consort of Marduk,birth; the city of Babylon,,Mesopotamian,,A,candidate_verified_name,Consort of Marduk,0,0,0,"Sarpanit (Zarpanitu), consort of Marduk and mother of Nabu, honoured at Babylon.",deity