entity_id,canonical_name,greek_name,tradition,entity_type,category,primary_domains,tags,cult_scope,primary_period,evidence_confidence,review_status,inclusion_basis,earth_association_score,chthonic_flag,serpent_flag,short_note,entity_class
ENT_ARA_AGLIBOL,Aglibol,,Aramean,Astral deity,Lunar Deity,moon,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Palmyrene lunar god depicted with a crescent, paired with Malakbel in the Sacred Garden cult and flanking Bel in the Temple of Bel.",spirit
ENT_ARA_ALLAT_PALMYRA,Allat of Palmyra,,Aramean,Goddess,War Deity,war; protection,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Arab goddess worshipped at Palmyra in her own sanctuary, assimilated to armed Athena, attested in Palmyrene and bilingual dedications.",deity
ENT_ARA_ATARGATIS,Atargatis,,Aramean,great Syrian goddess / fish goddess,Love Deity,love; fertility; sovereignty; sea and fish; divine queenship; war; prophecy,,,,A,,,,,,"Atargatis (""the Syrian Goddess,"" Greek Dea Syria; Aramaic Atar-ata or ʿAtar-ʿAte) is the most influential Aramean deity in the broader Mediterranean world and the principal goddess of the Syrian religious tradition. Her main cult center was the great temple complex at Hierapolis-Bambyce (modern Manbij, northern Syria), which Lucian of Samosata describes in detail in De Dea Syria (c. 150 CE): a monumental temple with sacred fish-pools where fish were never caught but fed by hand, sacred doves, a golden statue of Atargatis enthroned between lions (her cult animal), surrounded by divine effigies of other deities, and served by hundreds of priests including the castrated galli who performed ecstatic self-mutilation at festivals. Her theonym is a compressed form of two divine names: Atar (= Aramaic form of Astarte, the Semitic love/war goddess) + Ata/Ate (= possibly ""Anat,"" the Ugaritic war goddess, making Atargatis a fusion of both female divine powers). She is a ""panthea"" — a many-in-one all-goddess who encompasses love, fertility, sovereignty, war, and prophecy in a single figure. Her cult spread dramatically across the Hellenistic world through Syrian merchant communities: major temples on Delos (the Atargateion, 2nd c. BCE), in Athens, and in Rome (the Galli priests's festivals were observed in Rome). She is typically depicted enthroned, wearing a turreted crown and holding a scepter, with lions flanking her throne and fish at her feet. Lucian De Dea Syria (§§1-60) is the fullest primary source; Lipiński (2000) pp. 589-610.",deity
ENT_ARA_AZIZOS,Azizos,,Aramean,Astral deity,Astral Deity,morning star; war; protection,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"The morning-star deity of Edessa, paired with Monimos as the two paredroi (attendants) of the Sun (Helios). Julian (Hymn to King Helios 150c-d) equates Azizos with Ares; the morning/evening-star (Venus) reading is a modern interpretation (Drijvers).",spirit
ENT_ARA_BAALSHAMIN,Baalshamin,,Aramean,Lord of Heaven / sky and storm deity,High Deity,sky; storm; rain; cosmic sovereignty; divine protection; weather,,,,A,,,,,,"Baalshamin (""Lord of Heaven,"" Aramaic Baʿal-šamayim; Greek Zeus Baalshamin) is one of the most widely attested deities of the ancient Semitic world and the dominant sky deity of the Aramean and Palmyrene traditions. As ""Lord of Heaven"" he presides over the cosmic sky, rain, and storm functions, and his name became nearly a theological title for the supreme divine sovereign of the heavens across Aramaic-speaking communities from Phoenicia to Arabia. His earliest significant attestation is the Aramaic inscription of Zakkur, King of Hamath (c. 800 BCE), in which Baalshamin promises victory to Zakkur over the coalition of kings besieging him — structurally parallel to Khaldi's role in Urartian royal ideology. He had a major sanctuary at Si' (in the Hauran region of southern Syria, extensive Nabataean inscriptions) and one of the two principal temples at Palmyra (the Baalshamin temple, dedicated 131 CE, well-preserved until its destruction by ISIL in August 2015). Greek-Palmyrene bilingual inscriptions consistently render ""Baalshamin"" as ""Zeus,"" confirming the ancient interpretatio graeca. In the Book of Daniel (2nd c. BCE), ""Baal Shamayim"" (""Lord of the Heavens"") is used as an ironic term for the Seleucid deity Olympian Zeus installed in the Jerusalem Temple — the ""abomination of desolation"" (Daniel 9:27, 11:31), preserving the Aramaic theonym in a polemical Jewish source. Lipiński (2000) pp. 577-588; Kaizer (2002) pp. 60-85.",deity
ENT_ARA_BEL_PALMYRA,Bel of Palmyra,,Aramean,God,Sovereignty Deity,sovereignty; sky; cosmic order,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Head of the Palmyrene pantheon, worshipped in the great Temple of Bel (dedicated 32 CE); a Bel form assimilated to Babylonian Bel-Marduk, heading the astral triad with Yarhibol and Aglibol.",deity
ENT_ARA_ELAGABAL,Elagabal of Emesa,,Aramean,Astral deity,Solar Deity,sun,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"The sun god of Emesa ('Ila gabal, god of the mountain') worshipped as a conical black betyl; his priest-emperor Elagabalus installed the stone in Rome, attested on coinage and by Herodian.",spirit
ENT_ARA_HADAD_DAMASCUS,Hadad of Damascus,,Aramean,storm deity / national god of Aram-Damascus,Thunder Deity,storm; thunder; rain; royal victory; national sovereignty; war,,,,A,,,,,,"Hadad of Damascus (Aramaic Hadad, ""thunderer""; theonym related to Ugaritic Haddu/Hadad, the proper name of Canaanite Baal) is the chief deity of Aram-Damascus, the most powerful of the Iron Age Aramean kingdoms (capital at Damascus, modern Syrian capital; the kingdom dominated Syria from c. 900 to 732 BCE). He is the Aramean national storm deity, directly continuous with the Canaanite Baal Hadad tradition but now serving as the divine patron of the Aramean state rather than the Canaanite city-states of the Bronze Age. His attestations include: the Aramaic Zakkur stele (c. 800 BCE, which invokes Baalshamin alongside Hadad's successors), the Melqart stele from Aleppo (c. 870 BCE, dedicated by Ben-Hadad of Damascus, naming Hadad and Melqart), the Tel Dan stele (c. 840 BCE, recording a victory of Hazael of Damascus citing divine favor), and repeated Old Testament references to the kings of Damascus bearing the divine name: Ben-Hadad I, II, III (""son of Hadad""), Hazael (whose name may invoke Hadad), and Hadadezer (""Hadad is my helper,"" 2 Samuel 8:3). The name ""Hadad-Rimmon"" in Zechariah 12:11 and the Assyrian practice of deporting the cult statue of ""Hadad of Damascus"" after the conquest of 732 BCE (Tiglath-Pileser III's annals) both confirm his central status. Lipiński (2000) pp. 567-577.",deity
ENT_ARA_MALAKBEL,Malakbel,,Aramean,Astral deity,Solar Deity,sun; vegetation; fertility,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Palmyrene solar and vegetation god ('Messenger of Bel'), paired with Aglibol; the bilingual altar in Rome equates him with Sol Sanctissimus.",spirit
ENT_ARA_MONIMOS,Monimos,,Aramean,Astral deity,Astral Deity,evening star; protection,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"The evening-star deity of Edessa (Aramaic mnʿm, ""the favourable one""), twin attendant of the Sun alongside Azizos. Julian (Hymn to King Helios 150c-d) equates Monimos with Hermes; the Venus/star reading is a modern interpretation (Drijvers).",spirit
ENT_ARA_RAKIB_EL,Rakib-El,,Aramean,Dynastic god,Sovereignty Deity,kingship; dynastic protection,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"'Charioteer of El', tutelary dynastic god of the kings of Samʾal/Zincirli, named in the 8th-c. BCE Hadad, Panamuwa and Kilamuwa inscriptions.",deity
ENT_ARA_SAHAR,Sahar,,Aramean,Astral deity,Lunar Deity,moon,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Aramean moon deity (Aramaic shr, 'crescent') invoked among the gods of the royal house at Samʾal in the Panamuwa inscriptions of Zincirli.",spirit
ENT_ARA_SIN_HARRAN,Sin of Harran,,Aramean,Astral deity,Lunar Deity,moon; kingship; oaths,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"The moon god of the Ehulhul sanctuary at Harran, the principal lunar cult of the Aramean/Assyrian north; named in the Sefire treaty curses and rebuilt by Nabonidus.",spirit
ENT_ARA_YARHIBOL,Yarhibol,,Aramean,Astral deity,Solar Deity,sun; oracle; springs,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-antiquity fringe completion (v1.67.0),0,0,0,"Palmyrene solar god, originally guardian of the sacred spring Efqa, depicted with a radiate nimbus and flanking Bel in the Temple of Bel.",spirit