entity_id,canonical_name,greek_name,tradition,entity_type,category,primary_domains,tags,cult_scope,primary_period,evidence_confidence,review_status,inclusion_basis,earth_association_score,chthonic_flag,serpent_flag,short_note,entity_class
ENT_WEL_AMAETHON,Amaethon,,Celtic/Welsh,God,Children of Dôn,agriculture; ploughing,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen,3,0,0,"The ""Great Ploughman,"" god of agriculture, son of Dôn.",deity
ENT_WEL_ANNWN,Annwn,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld realm,Cosmological Realm,"otherworld, death, feasting, magic, sovereignty","Otherworld, Annwn, realm, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"The Welsh Otherworld; First Branch: ruled by Arawn, who grants the title Pen Annwn (Head of Annwn) to Pwyll; characterized by hunting, feasting, magical animals (the white hounds with red-tipped ears), and the absence of time; the name Annwn (or Annwfn) possibly from *ande-dubno- (""under-world"" or ""very deep""); it is not primarily a realm of the dead but of the living gods, magic, and abundance",realm
ENT_WEL_ARANRHOD,Aranrhod,,Celtic/Welsh,Star goddess / destiny figure,Nature Deity,"fate, stars, magic, maternity, taboo","stars, fate, taboo, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Aranrhod daughter of Dôn; Fourth Branch; refuses to acknowledge her son Lleu after he falls from her womb during a magical test of her virginity; places three tyngedau on him; her name means ""Silver Wheel"" (arian = silver; rhod = wheel), connecting her to the stars or a spinning wheel; her caer (fort) Caer Aranrhod is identified with a rocky reef and the Corona Borealis constellation; a sovereign-fate-goddess figure",deity
ENT_WEL_ARAWN,Arawn,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld king,Underworld Deity,"otherworld, hunting, death, sovereignty","Annwn, Otherworld, hunting, death, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"King of Annwn (the Welsh Otherworld); First Branch; he exchanges places with Pwyll for a year to defeat his rival Hafgan; grants Pwyll the title Pen Annwn; associated with the white hounds with red-tipped ears (Cŵn Annwn, the Otherworld hunting pack); one of the primary figures ruling the Welsh Otherworld",deity
ENT_WEL_BELI_MAWR,Beli Mawr,,Celtic/Welsh,Ancestor deity,Ancestral line,primordial ancestry; kingship,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lludd and Llefelys; Triads,1,0,0,"Primordial ancestor-figure, father of Lludd, Llefelys, Caswallawn and (per Triad) Arianrhod.",spirit
ENT_WEL_BLODEUWEDD,Blodeuwedd,,Celtic/Welsh,Flower goddess / divine creation,Nature Deity,"love, betrayal, fate, transformation, flowers","flower-creation, betrayal, owl, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"""Flower-Face""; Fourth Branch; created by Gwydion and Math from the flowers of the oak, broom, and meadowsweet to be a wife for Lleu (who cannot marry a human woman per his mother's taboo); falls in love with Gronw Pebyr; engineers Lleu's death; punished by Gwydion who transforms her into an owl; the only character in Welsh mythology created specifically as a solution to a magical prohibition; her betrayal and transformation is the Welsh tradition's most complex female character arc",deity
ENT_WEL_BRAN,Brân the Blessed,,Celtic/Welsh,Giant divine king,Hero,"sovereignty, death, rebirth, cauldron, sacred head","giant, cauldron, sacred-head, sovereignty, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,Bendigeidfran (Brân the Blessed); Second Branch; king of Britain; so giant he cannot enter a house; possessor of the magical Cauldron of Rebirth (given to him by Irish king Matholwch) which resurrects the dead; mortally wounded by a poisoned spear at the Battle of Ir Ireland; his head commands that it be carried to Gwales where it speaks and feasts for 87 years; a key figure in the insular Celtic severed-head cult,deity
ENT_WEL_BRANWEN,Branwen,,Celtic/Welsh,Tragic queen/goddess,Hero,"sovereignty, love, tragedy, Ireland-Wales","tragedy, sovereignty, Welsh-Irish, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Branwen daughter of Llŷr; Second Branch; one of the ""Three Chief Maidens of the Island of Britain""; given in marriage to Matholwch king of Ireland to seal a peace treaty; subjected to humiliating kitchen work in Ireland after Efnysien mutilates Matholwch's horses; trains a starling to carry a message to her brother Bran; dies of grief after the war she inadvertently caused; her name possibly from Celtic *Bran-winda (""White Raven"")",deity
ENT_WEL_CERIDWEN,Ceridwen,,Celtic/Welsh,Enchantress,Cauldron of Awen,the cauldron; inspiration (awen); transformation,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Hanes Taliesin,2,0,0,"The keeper of the Cauldron of Awen whose brew and pursuit reborn Gwion as Taliesin; a powerful enchantress (the ""goddess of inspiration"" framing is largely modern).",hero
ENT_WEL_CREIDDYLAD,Creiddylad,,Celtic/Welsh,Goddess,House of Lludd,sovereignty; spring/summer,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen,2,0,0,"Daughter of Lludd, fought over each May Day by Gwyn ap Nudd and Gwythyr (a seasonal-combat myth); Latinised as Cordelia.",deity
ENT_WEL_CREIRWY,Creirwy,,Celtic/Welsh,Goddess/maiden,Children of Ceridwen,beauty,,mythological,,C,candidate_verified_name,Hanes Taliesin; Triads,0,0,0,"Daughter of Ceridwen and Tegid Foel, named among the Three Most Beautiful Maidens of the Triads.",deity
ENT_WEL_DON,Dôn,,Celtic/Welsh,Mother goddess collective,High Deity,"divine family, primordial motherhood, magic","mother-goddess, divine-family, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Dôn is the ancestral mother of the divine family in the Fourth Branch (Gwydion, Aranrhod, Gilfaethwy, Arianrhod are all ""children of Dôn""); she appears only as a name but her family constitutes the Welsh divine order in Gwynedd; cognate with Irish Danu (mother of the Tuatha Dé Danann) and possibly the Gaulish goddess Dôn; the Welsh equivalent of the pan-Celtic divine mother",collective
ENT_WEL_DYLAN,Dylan ail Don,,Celtic/Welsh,Sea god,Children of Dôn,the sea; the waves,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Fourth Branch",2,0,0,"""Dylan Second-Wave,"" a sea-figure, son of Arianrhod and brother-figure of Lleu; slain by Gofannon.",deity
ENT_WEL_EFNYSIEN,Efnysien,,Celtic/Welsh,Antagonist figure,House of Llŷr,strife; destruction,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Second Branch",0,0,0,"Son of Euroswydd and Penarddun, half-brother of Brân; the strife-maker who provokes the Irish war and destroys the Cauldron of Rebirth at the cost of his life.",hero
ENT_WEL_EUROSWYDD,Euroswydd,,Celtic/Welsh,Ancestor figure,House of Llŷr,(father of the twins),,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Second Branch; Triads",0,0,0,"Father of Nisien and Efnysien by Penarddun; in the Triads, the captor of Llŷr.",spirit
ENT_WEL_GILFAETHWY,Gilfaethwy,,Celtic/Welsh,God,Children of Dôn,(brother of Gwydion),,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Fourth Branch",0,0,0,"Son of Dôn, brother of Gwydion; his rape of Goewin sets the Fourth Branch in motion.",deity
ENT_WEL_GOFANNON,Gofannon,,Celtic/Welsh,Craft god,Children of Dôn,smithing; metalwork,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Fourth Branch; Culhwch",2,0,0,"Divine smith, son of Dôn, Welsh counterpart of Irish Goibniu; slayer of his nephew Dylan.",deity
ENT_WEL_GWYDION,Gwydion,,Celtic/Welsh,Trickster magician,Trickster Figure,"magic, shapeshifting, trickery, storytelling, creation","trickster, magic, shapeshifting, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,Gwydion fab Dôn; Fourth Branch; nephew and student of Math; the great magician-trickster of Welsh mythology; conjures an illusory army from mushrooms to trick Pryderi out of his pigs; creates Lleu's wife Blodeuwedd from flowers; the most active and morally ambiguous figure in the Fourth Branch; creates the path of stars called Caer Gwydion (the Milky Way) in Welsh tradition,hero
ENT_WEL_GWYN_AP_NUDD,Gwyn ap Nudd,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld king,Underworld Deity,"otherworld, hunting, death, fairy court, winter","Wild-Hunt, fairy-king, Otherworld, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"""Gwyn son of Nudd""; appears in Culhwch ac Olwen (Mabinogion) as a leader of the Otherworld hunt and a champion who Arthur must use for the hunt of Twrch Trwyth; his name (""white"" + ""mist/lord"") suggests an Otherworld sovereignty figure; later tradition makes him king of the Tylwyth Teg (fairy folk) and associated with the souls of the dead; he fights Gwythyr ap Greidawl every May Day until Doomsday for the love of Creiddylad",deity
ENT_WEL_GWYTHYR,Gwythyr,,Celtic/Welsh,God,Seasonal combatants,summer; the upper world,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen; Triads,1,0,0,"Gwythyr fab Greidawl, betrothed of Creiddylad and perpetual seasonal opponent of Gwyn ap Nudd.",deity
ENT_WEL_HAFGAN,Hafgan,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld king,Annwn,kingship of the Otherworld,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, First Branch",1,1,0,"A king of Annwn, rival of Arawn, slain by Pwyll in Arawn's shape.",deity
ENT_WEL_LLEU_LLAW_GYFFES,Lleu Llaw Gyffes,,Celtic/Welsh,Solar hero,Hero,"craftsmanship, solar, fate, death-rebirth","solar, fate, death-rebirth, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"""Lleu of the Skillful Hand""; Fourth Branch; son of Aranrhod (and Gwydion); his mother refuses to acknowledge him and places three tyngedau (magical taboos) on him: no name, no weapons, no human wife; Gwydion circumvents each; killed by Gronw Pebyr (his wife's lover) with the only spear that can harm him; transformed into an eagle; restored to human form by Gwydion; his name cognate with Irish Lugh and Gaulish Lugus — the pan-Celtic ""many-skilled"" solar hero",hero
ENT_WEL_LLUDD,Lludd Llaw Eraint,,Celtic/Welsh,God-king,House of Beli,kingship; sovereignty,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lludd and Llefelys; Culhwch,1,0,0,"King of Britain ""of the Silver Hand,"" son of Beli Mawr, father of Creiddylad; earlier Brittonic Nodens, cognate of Irish Nuada. Distinct from his son Gwyn ap Nudd.",deity
ENT_WEL_LLWYD,Llwyd ap Cil Coed,,Celtic/Welsh,Enchanter,Dyfed,enchantment; vengeance,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Third Branch",0,0,0,"The enchanter who lays the wasteland-spell on Dyfed and imprisons Pryderi and Rhiannon, avenging his friend Gwawl.",hero
ENT_WEL_LLYR,Llŷr,,Celtic/Welsh,Ancestor deity,House of Llŷr,the sea; ancestry,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Second Branch",2,0,0,"Sea-associated ancestor; husband of Penarddun, father of Brân, Branwen and Manawydan; Welsh cognate of Irish Lir.",spirit
ENT_WEL_MABON,Mabon ap Modron,,Celtic/Welsh,God,Divine youth,youth; hunting; liberation,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen; Triads,1,0,0,"The ""Great Son, son of the Great Mother,"" a divine youth (from British Maponos) freed in Culhwch; one of the Three Exalted Prisoners.",deity
ENT_WEL_MANAWYDAN,Manawydan,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld craftsman god,Hero,"craftsmanship, patience, otherworld, sea","craftsmanship, otherworld, sea, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Manawydan fab Llŷr; Second and Third Branch; son of Llŷr, brother of Brân; his name is the Welsh cognate of Irish Manannán mac Lir (both from a common Celtic prototype *Manawydanō); a skilled craftsman in the Third Branch (makes saddles, shields, shoes); patient and strategic where Pryderi is impulsive; associated with the sea despite largely terrestrial adventures in the text",deity
ENT_WEL_MATH,Math fab Mathonwy,,Celtic/Welsh,Magician-king,High Deity,"magic, sovereignty, fate, Gwynedd","magic, kingship, Gwynedd, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Math son of Mathonwy; Fourth Branch; lord of Gwynedd; possesses a characteristic magical taboo — he must keep his feet in the lap of a virgin at all times when not at war or he will die; the taboo drives the plot when Gilfaethwy (his nephew) rapes the foot-holder Goewin; Math punishes Gwydion and Gilfaethwy by transforming them into breeding pairs of deer, pigs, and wolves for three years; co-creator of Blodeuwedd",ruler
ENT_WEL_MODRON,Modron,,Celtic/Welsh,Mother goddess,Divine mother,motherhood; the land,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen; Triad 70,2,0,0,"The ""Great Mother"" (from Gaulish Matrona), mother of Mabon; daughter of Avallach.",deity
ENT_WEL_MORFRAN,Morfran,,Celtic/Welsh,Divine/heroic figure,Children of Ceridwen,darkness; ugliness; battle,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,Hanes Taliesin; Culhwch,0,0,0,"""Great Crow"" (also Afagddu, ""Utter Darkness""), monstrous son of Ceridwen and Tegid Foel; a survivor of Camlan.",hero
ENT_WEL_NISIEN,Nisien,,Celtic/Welsh,Peacemaker figure,House of Llŷr,peace; concord,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Second Branch",0,0,0,"The peacemaker twin of Efnysien, who could make foes friends.",hero
ENT_WEL_OLWEN,Olwen,,Celtic/Welsh,Goddess,Giants,fertility; the sovereignty-bride,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen,3,0,0,"""White-track,"" daughter of the giant Ysbaddaden; white trefoils spring up where she walks (a fertility/sovereignty motif).",deity
ENT_WEL_PENARDDUN,Penarddun,,Celtic/Welsh,Goddess,House of Llŷr,ancestral motherhood,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, Second Branch",1,0,0,"Wife of Llŷr; mother of Brân, Branwen and Manawydan, and (by Euroswydd) of Nisien and Efnysien.",deity
ENT_WEL_PRYDERI,Pryderi,,Celtic/Welsh,Divine hero,Hero,"fate, sovereignty, tragedy, Dyfed","fate, Dyfed, tragedy, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Son of Pwyll and Rhiannon; First Branch through Third Branch; the only character to appear in all four branches of the Mabinogi; born under enchantment and immediately stolen; his name means ""Care/Anxiety""; a tragic hero figure whose life is framed by magical crises; killed by Gwydion in single combat in the Fourth Branch",hero
ENT_WEL_PWYLL,Pwyll,,Celtic/Welsh,Otherworld-adjacent king,Hero,"sovereignty, otherworld, honor, Dyfed","otherworld, Dyfed, sovereignty, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,Prince of Dyfed; First Branch; enters the Otherworld (Annwn) and exchanges kingdoms with Arawn for a year; earns the title Pen Annwn (Head of Annwn); marries Rhiannon; father of Pryderi; a liminal hero figure who bridges the human and Otherworldly realms,deity
ENT_WEL_RHIANNON,Rhiannon,,Celtic/Welsh,Sovereignty goddess,High Deity,"sovereignty, horses, otherworld, fate, birds","sovereignty, otherworld, birds, horses, Welsh, Mabinogion",,,A,reviewed,primary_text,,,,"Divine horsewoman and sovereignty goddess; First Branch of the Mabinogi; her name from *Rigantona (""Great Queen""); her magical white horse cannot be caught; her Otherworldly birds wake the dead and send the living to sleep; wrongly accused of killing her son Pryderi; probable cognate of Gaulish Epona",deity
ENT_WEL_TEGID_FOEL,Tegid Foel,,Celtic/Welsh,Tutelary figure,Llyn Tegid,the lake of Bala,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,Hanes Taliesin,2,0,0,Husband of Ceridwen and tutelary figure of Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake).,deity
ENT_WEL_TEYRNON,Teyrnon,,Celtic/Welsh,Divine lord,Dyfed,lordship; fosterage,,mythological,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Mabinogi, First Branch",1,0,0,"Lord of Gwent Is-Coed and foster-father of Pryderi; his name (from Tigernonos, ""Divine Lord"") pairs with Rhiannon (Rigantona).",deity
ENT_WEL_YSBADDADEN,Ysbaddaden,,Celtic/Welsh,Giant,Giants,the impossible tasks,,mythological,,A,candidate_verified_name,Culhwch ac Olwen,0,0,0,"The Chief Giant, father of Olwen, who sets Culhwch the great series of impossible tasks (anoethau).",monster