entity_id,canonical_name,greek_name,tradition,entity_type,category,primary_domains,tags,cult_scope,primary_period,evidence_confidence,review_status,inclusion_basis,earth_association_score,chthonic_flag,serpent_flag,short_note,entity_class
ENT_JM_ABBA,Abba,,Jewish Mystical,Partzuf,Divine configuration,the supernal Father; wisdom; the configuration of Hokhmah,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic partzuf,0,0,0,"Abba (""the Father""), the partzuf configured from Hokhmah, who with Imma generates the lower partzufim.",sefirah
ENT_JM_ADAM_KADMON,Adam Kadmon,,Jewish Mystical,Primordial being,Divine Principle,primordial human; divine image; cosmic template,,Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major Kabbalistic entity,0,0,0,Primordial archetypal human in Kabbalah.,deity
ENT_JM_AF_BRI,Af Bri,,Jewish Mystical,Operative angel,Nature angel,rain; clouds; weather,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,"Af Bri, the angel of rain — the name (af-bri) is from Job 37:11, but the angelic personification originates with the 6th-7th c. payyetan Eleazar Kalir and the liturgical Prayer for Rain (Tefillat Geshem); later carried in the medieval magical-angelological tradition.",angel
ENT_JM_AF_HEMAH,Af and Hemah,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic pair,Angels of wrath,divine anger; destruction,,Jewish,,B,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic destroying angels,0,0,0,"Af (Anger) and Hemah (Wrath), the two destroying angels of divine judgment.",angel
ENT_JM_AGRAT,Agrat bat Mahlat,,Jewish Mystical,Demon,Demon queen,the night; the dancing-demons of the air,,Jewish,,B,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic/Zoharic demon-queen,0,1,0,A queen of demons who rides the night air with myriads of destroying spirits.,demon
ENT_JM_AKATRIEL,Akatriel,,Jewish Mystical,Divine title/form,Enthroned Name,the throne of glory; the divine Name,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Enthroned Name-form,0,0,0,"Akatriel Yah, the crowned Name enthroned in glory, seen by R. Ishmael in the sanctuary.",deity
ENT_JM_ALKABETZ,Solomon Alkabetz,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Safed mystic,"['kabbalah', 'liturgy', 'mysticism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Solomon ben Moses Alkabetz (c.1500-1576), Safed kabbalist and poet, author of the hymn Lekhah Dodi welcoming the Sabbath bride (the Shekhinah); Cordovero's teacher and brother-in-law.",sage
ENT_JM_ANAFIEL,Anafiel,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel,Throne-prince,the divine seal; the keeping of the palaces,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Hekhalot throne-prince,0,0,0,"The mighty prince who bears the divine seal, set even above Metatron in 3 Enoch.",angel
ENT_JM_ANPIEL,Anpiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,keeper of the keys of the heavenly halls,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince entrusted with the keys of the heavenly palaces in 3 Enoch 48,angel
ENT_JM_APARKM,Aparkm,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Firmament prince,sixth firmament; western host,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Aparkm heads the western encampments of the sixth firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_ARIKH_ANPIN,Arikh Anpin,,Jewish Mystical,Partzuf,Divine configuration,the Long Face; mercy; the configuration of Keter,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic partzuf,0,0,0,"Arikh Anpin (""the Long/Patient Face,"" Macroprosopus), the partzuf of pure mercy configured from Keter.",sefirah
ENT_JM_ASIMUR,Asimur,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Encampment chief,first firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Asimur is named as chief of one of the seven encampments of the first firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_ASSIAH,Assiah,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmological realm,World of Action,the material world; the lowest realm,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,The four worlds (ABYA),2,0,0,"Assiah, the World of Action/Making, the lowest world, bordering the material and the shells.",realm
ENT_JM_ATIKA_KADISHA,Atika Kadisha,,Jewish Mystical,Partzuf,Divine configuration,the Ancient Holy One; the innermost mercy,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic partzuf,0,0,0,"Atika Kadisha (""the Ancient Holy One""), the most concealed inner aspect of Arikh Anpin.",sefirah
ENT_JM_ATZILUTH,Atziluth,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmological realm,World of Emanation,the world of the sefirot; pure divinity,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,The four worlds (ABYA),0,0,0,"Atziluth, the World of Emanation, the realm of the undifferentiated sefirot closest to the Infinite.",realm
ENT_JM_AURPNIAL,Aurpnial,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Encampment chief,first firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Aurpnial heads the first of the seven encampments of the first firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_BARADIEL,Baradiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,hail,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over hail in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_BERIAH,Beriah,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmological realm,World of Creation,the throne; the highest angels,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,The four worlds (ABYA),0,0,0,"Beriah, the World of Creation, the realm of the divine Throne and the highest angels.",realm
ENT_JM_BESHT,Baal Shem Tov (Israel ben Eliezer),,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'devekut', 'healing']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Israel ben Eliezer (c.1698-1760), the 'Baal Shem Tov' (Master of the Good Name), founder of Hasidism; emphasized joyful devotion (devekut) and the divine presence in all things. Known through the hagiographic Shivhei ha-Besht.",sage
ENT_JM_BINAH,Binah,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Divine Emanation,understanding; discernment; mother principle,,Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major sephirah,0,0,0,Sephirah of Understanding.,sefirah
ENT_JM_BOEL,Boel (Bual),,Jewish Mystical,Operative angel,Encampment chief,dreams; oneiromancy; first firmament,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,"Boel (Bual) rules the seventh encampment of the first firmament of Sefer ha-Razim, whose angels (42 per Rebiger-Schaefer; 44 in some editions) govern dreams and dream-divination (she'elat halom).",angel
ENT_JM_CHAYYIM_VOLOZHIN,Chayyim of Volozhin,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Kabbalist,"['Torah study', 'kabbalah']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Chayyim of Volozhin (1749-1821), foremost disciple of the Vilna Gaon and founder of the Volozhin yeshiva; his Nefesh ha-Chayyim gave the Mitnagdic movement its kabbalistic-intellectual theology.",sage
ENT_JM_CHAYYOT,Chayyot,,Jewish Mystical,Angel collective,Angelic Collective,living creatures; throne; vision,,Merkabah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major angelic collective,0,0,0,Living creatures of Ezekiel’s throne vision.,collective
ENT_JM_CHERUBIM,Cherubim,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic order/rank,Angel,throne-bearers; guardians,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,"One of the ten ranks of angels (Maimonides, Yesodei haTorah 2:7)",angel
ENT_JM_CHESED,Chesed,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Sephirah,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The fourth Sefirah, divine loving-kindness and mercy (also Gedulah, greatness); the expansive, giving force at the head of the right pillar.",sefirah
ENT_JM_CORDOVERO,Moses Cordovero (Ramak),,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Safed mystic,"['kabbalah', 'systematic theology']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (1522-1570), the great systematizer of pre-Lurianic Kabbalah in Safed; author of Pardes Rimmonim. His school preceded and shaped Luria's.",sage
ENT_JM_DAAT,Da'at,,Jewish Mystical,Sefirah,The hidden sefirah,knowledge; the union of wisdom and understanding,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,The non-sefirah sefirah,0,0,0,"Da'at (""Knowledge""), the hidden eleventh sefirah, the union of Hokhmah and Binah on the Tree.",sefirah
ENT_JM_DLQIAL,Dlqial,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Firmament prince,third firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,"Dlqial is one of the three third-firmament princes in Sefer ha-Razim, in whose roster the angel Nuriel is listed.",angel
ENT_JM_DNHL,Dnhl,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Encampment chief,first firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Dnhl heads one of the seven encampments of the first firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_DOV_BER,Dov Ber of Mezeritch (the Maggid),,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'devekut']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Dov Ber of Mezeritch (c.1704-1772), 'the Great Maggid,' chief disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov who organized Hasidism into a movement and trained the generation of rebbes who spread it.",sage
ENT_JM_DUMAH,Dumah,,Jewish Mystical,Angel,Angel of the dead,silence; the grave; the prince of Gehenna,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic angel,0,1,0,"The angel of silence and of the dead, prince over the souls in Gehenna.",angel
ENT_JM_DYBBUK,Dybbuk,,Jewish Mystical,Possessing spirit,Possessing spirit,spirit possession; the restless dead; affliction,,folk,,C,candidate_verified_name,Abrahamic folk supernatural beings (v1.72.0),0,0,0,"A malevolent clinging spirit (Hebrew dibbuq, 'attachment') of a dead person that possesses a living body and requires exorcism; the developed concept is early-modern (16th-17th c. Lurianic and East European folklore).",spirit
ENT_JM_EIN_SOF,Ein Sof,,Jewish Mystical,Godhead/principle,Divine principle,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The Infinite, the boundless and unknowable Godhead beyond all attributes, from which the Sefirot emanate. Keter is its first self-manifestation; Ein Sof itself remains hidden.",abstraction
ENT_JM_ELIMELECH,Elimelech of Lizhensk,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'tzaddikism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Elimelech of Lizhensk (1717-1787), disciple of Dov Ber whose Noam Elimelech articulated the doctrine of the tzaddik as channel of divine blessing, shaping Polish-Galician Hasidism.",sage
ENT_JM_ELOHIM_RANK,Elohim,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic order/rank,Angel,divine beings,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,An angelic rank named Elohim among the ten orders (Maimonides),angel
ENT_JM_ERELIM,Erelim,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic order/rank,Angel,valiant ones,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,One of the ten ranks of angels (Maimonides; cf. Isaiah 33:7),angel
ENT_JM_ESTRIE,Estrie,,Jewish Mystical,Demon,Adversarial being,blood-drinking; shape-shifting; night; harm to infants,,folk,,C,candidate_verified_name,Abrahamic folk supernatural beings (v1.72.0),0,0,0,"A shape-shifting, blood-drinking female demon of medieval (esp. Franco-German) Jewish folklore, attested chiefly in Sefer Hasidim; the name likely derives from the Latin strix/strigae and the figure is sparsely documented.",demon
ENT_JM_GALGALIEL,Galgaliel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,the sphere of the sun,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince of the globe of the sun in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_GEHENNA,Gehenna,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmological realm,Infernal realm,the fiery purgation; the punishment of the wicked,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic netherworld,0,1,0,"The fiery realm of post-mortem purgation and punishment, developed from biblical Sheol.",realm
ENT_JM_GEMATRIA,Gematria,,Jewish Mystical,Number-hermeneutic practice,Kabbalistic number-hermeneutics,"['exegesis', 'number', 'divine names', 'angelology']",,devotional,,B,candidate_verified_name,Roster build via gen_roster.py (see CHANGELOG/git for release),0,0,0,"The Kabbalistic technique in which Hebrew letters equal numerical values, so words sharing a sum share hidden meaning; numbers thereby carry divine and angelic significance. The ten sefirot are themselves the numerical emanations of the divine.",ritual
ENT_JM_GEVURAH,Gevurah,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Sephirah,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The fifth Sefirah, divine severity, power, and judgment (also Din); the contracting, restraining force at the head of the left pillar, counterpoised to Chesed.",sefirah
ENT_JM_GOLEM,Golem,,Jewish Mystical,Construct,Construct,artificial life; protection; holy names; clay,,folk,,B,candidate_verified_name,Abrahamic folk supernatural beings (v1.72.0),0,0,0,An anthropoid of clay animated through the ritual permutation of Hebrew letters and divine names (the word emet/'truth'); Scholem traces the motif from Sefer Yetsirah speculation to the medieval Hasidei Ashkenaz and the later Prague-Maharal legend.,object
ENT_JM_HADRANIEL,Hadraniel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,gatekeeper of the heavenly palaces,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Towering gatekeeper-prince of the heavenly palaces in 3 Enoch,angel
ENT_JM_HANIEL,Haniel,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel,Angel,grace; Netzach; the sphere of Venus,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Archangel of grace associated with Netzach and the planet Venus,angel
ENT_JM_HASHMALLIM,Hashmallim,,Jewish Mystical,Angel collective,Angelic Collective,radiance; fire; throne,,Merkabah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major angelic collective,0,0,0,Radiant angelic beings of Merkabah traditions.,collective
ENT_JM_HASIDISM,Hasidism,,Jewish Mystical,Collective,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'devekut', 'popular piety']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"The Hasidic movement of devotional mysticism arising in 18th-century Eastern Europe, founded by the Baal Shem Tov and spread through successive rebbes.",collective
ENT_JM_HAYLIEL,Hayliel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,prince of the chayyot,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince set over the holy living creatures in 3 Enoch 20,angel
ENT_JM_HEAVENLY_HOST,The Heavenly Host,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic collective,Angel,the assembled ranks of angels,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,"Tzeva ha-Shamayim, the assembled host of the ten angelic ranks",collective
ENT_JM_HOD,Hod,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Sephirah,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The eighth Sefirah, splendour and majesty; the lower terminus of the left pillar, paired with Netzach.",sefirah
ENT_JM_HOKHMAH,Hokhmah,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Divine Emanation,wisdom; insight; primordial intellect,,Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major sephirah,0,0,0,Sephirah of Wisdom.,sefirah
ENT_JM_IBBUR,Ibbur,,Jewish Mystical,Possessing spirit,Possessing spirit,soul impregnation; righteous indwelling; spiritual aid,,folk,,B,candidate_verified_name,Abrahamic folk supernatural beings (v1.72.0),0,0,0,"The benevolent counterpart to the dybbuk: the temporary 'impregnation' (ibbur) of a living person by the soul of a righteous departed one to help complete a mitzvah; a Lurianic doctrine described by Scholem, distinct from gilgul (transmigration).",spirit
ENT_JM_IBNIAL,Ibnial,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Firmament prince,third firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Ibnial is one of the three princes governing the angelic host of the third firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_IMMA,Imma,,Jewish Mystical,Partzuf,Divine configuration,the supernal Mother; understanding; the configuration of Binah,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic partzuf,0,0,0,"Imma (""the Mother""), the partzuf configured from Binah, womb of the lower configurations.",sefirah
ENT_JM_ISHIM,Ishim,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic order/rank,Angel,manlike angels; nearest humanity,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,"The tenth and lowest rank of angels (Maimonides, Yesodei haTorah 2:7)",angel
ENT_JM_JACOB_JOSEPH,Jacob Joseph of Polonne,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'homiletics']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Jacob Joseph of Polonne (d. c.1782), disciple of the Baal Shem Tov and the first to record his teachings in print (Toldot Yaakov Yosef), the earliest Hasidic book.",sage
ENT_JM_KARO,Joseph Karo,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Safed mystic,"['halakhah', 'kabbalah', 'mysticism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Joseph Karo (1488-1575), Safed jurist-mystic, author of the Shulchan Aruch code of law and the mystical diary Maggid Mesharim recording his angelic mentor (the maggid).",sage
ENT_JM_KAV,Kav,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmogonic process,Ray of light,the line of light that re-enters the vacated space,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic cosmogony,0,0,0,"The Kav, the thin ray of the Infinite Light that re-enters the vacated space to begin creation.",abstraction
ENT_JM_KEMUEL,Kemuel,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel,Angel,gatekeeper of heaven,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Great prince and gatekeeper who confronts Moses at the threshold of heaven,angel
ENT_JM_KERUBIEL,Kerubiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,prince of the cherubim; fire,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Fiery prince set over the cherubim in 3 Enoch 22,angel
ENT_JM_KETER,Keter,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Divine Emanation,crown; transcendence; divine source,,Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major sephirah,0,0,0,"Highest sephirah, Crown.",sefirah
ENT_JM_KETEV_MERIRI,Ketev Meriri,,Jewish Mystical,Demon,Plague demon,the noonday plague; bitter destruction,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic demon,0,1,0,The bitter noonday demon of pestilence (Psalm 91:6; Lamentations Rabbah).,demon
ENT_JM_KLMIAL,Klmial,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Encampment chief,first firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,"Klmial commands a first-firmament encampment in Sefer ha-Razim, in whose roster Michael and Gabriel are listed.",angel
ENT_JM_LAILIEL,Lailiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,night,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the night in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_LEVI_YITZHAK,Levi Yitzhak of Berditchev,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'devotion', 'intercession']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Levi Yitzhak of Berditchev (1740-1809), disciple of Dov Ber and beloved Hasidic rebbe famed as the compassionate 'defender' of Israel before God; author of Kedushat Levi.",sage
ENT_JM_LILIN,Lilin,,Jewish Mystical,Demonic collective,Night-demons,night; the strangling of infants,,Jewish,,B,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic/Zoharic demon brood,0,1,0,"The lilin, the demonic brood of Lilith who menace women in childbirth and infants.",collective
ENT_JM_LILITH,Lilith,,Jewish Mystical,Demoness,Adversarial Being,demoness; night; infant death; Adam's first wife; sexual danger; Sheol,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,,"Isaiah 34:14 (lilit, hapax legomenon); Babylonian Talmud (Eruvin 100b, Niddah 24b); Alphabet of Ben Sira; Zohar",,,,"Female demon; first attested as ""lilit"" in Isaiah 34:14 (night creature of the desolation). The Babylonian Talmud (Eruvin 100b) describes a nocturnal spirit with wings who harms men sleeping alone. The Alphabet of Ben Sira (9th–11th c. CE) develops the narrative of Lilith as Adam's first wife who refused to lie beneath him, spoke the ineffable name, and flew to the Red Sea to consort with demons. In Kabbalistic literature (Zohar, Zohar Chadash) Lilith becomes the consort of Samael, queen of the demonic realm, and the dark counterpart of the Shekhinah — embodying the ""left side"" of the divine feminine.",demon
ENT_JM_LURIA,Isaac Luria (the Ari),,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Lurianic kabbalist,"['kabbalah', 'mysticism', 'cosmology']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Isaac ben Solomon Luria (1534-1572), 'the Ari,' the central figure of Safed Kabbalah, whose teaching of Tzimtzum, Shevirat ha-Kelim and Tikkun reshaped all later Jewish mysticism. He wrote almost nothing; his doctrine survives through Vital.",sage
ENT_JM_LUZZATTO,Moses Hayyim Luzzatto (Ramchal),,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Lurianic kabbalist,"['kabbalah', 'ethics', 'mysticism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Moses Hayyim Luzzatto (1707-1746), 'the Ramchal,' Italian kabbalist and ethicist who systematized Lurianic doctrine; author of Mesillat Yesharim and recipient of a maggid. Suspected of Sabbatean leanings and forced to suppress his kabbalistic writings.",sage
ENT_JM_MALACHIM,Malachim,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic order/rank,Angel,messengers,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,"The rank of messenger-angels (Maimonides, Yesodei haTorah 2:7)",angel
ENT_JM_MALKHUT,Malkhut,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Sephirah,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The tenth Sefirah, kingdom; the receptive culmination of the tree and the indwelling divine presence in the world. In Kabbalah, Malkhut is identified with the Shekhinah.",sefirah
ENT_JM_MARGIOIEL,Margioiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Sword angel,adjuration; mysteries; the Law,,regional,,A,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,"Margioiel is one of the four angels appointed over the 'Sword' in the Sword of Moses, set to the Law and perceiving the mysteries of above and below.",angel
ENT_JM_MATARIEL,Matariel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,rain,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the rain in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_MAZZIKIN,Mazzikin,,Jewish Mystical,Demonic collective,Harmful spirits,injury; nocturnal danger,,Jewish,,A,candidate_verified_name,Rabbinic demon class,0,1,0,"The mazzikin, the ""harmers,"" invisible spirits that crowd and injure the living.",collective
ENT_JM_MERKABAH,Merkabah,,Jewish Mystical,Sacred vehicle/category,Cosmological Realm,throne chariot; ascent; heavenly journey,,Merkabah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major mystical category,0,0,0,Divine throne-chariot and ascent tradition.,abstraction
ENT_JM_METATRON,Metatron,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel/exalted being,Angelic Being,heavenly scribe; throne; mediation; celestial governance,,Hekhalot/Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major Jewish mystical entity,0,0,0,"Supreme angelic figure of Hekhalot traditions, often identified with transformed Enoch.",angel
ENT_JM_NAAMAH,Naamah,,Jewish Mystical,Demon,Demon queen,seduction; the troubling of men in sleep,,Jewish,,B,candidate_verified_name,Zoharic demon-queen,0,1,0,"A demoness of seduction, one of the queens of the qliphoth alongside Lilith.",demon
ENT_JM_NAARIEL,Naariel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,throne-prince of the seventh heaven,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,A throne-prince among the chiefs of the seventh heaven in the Hekhalot tradition,angel
ENT_JM_NACHMAN,Nachman of Breslov,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Hasidic master,"['mysticism', 'storytelling', 'devotion']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Nachman of Breslov (1772-1810), great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov and founder of Breslov Hasidism; taught hitbodedut (secluded prayer) and composed mystical tales.",sage
ENT_JM_NATHAN_GAZA,Nathan of Gaza,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Messianic claimant,"['messianism', 'prophecy', 'kabbalah']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Abraham Nathan ben Elisha Hayyim Ashkenazi (1643-1680), 'Nathan of Gaza,' the prophet and theologian of the Sabbatean movement who proclaimed Sabbatai Zevi as messiah and built its Lurianic-based theology, including after the apostasy.",sage
ENT_JM_NETZACH,Netzach,,Jewish Mystical,Sephirah,Sephirah,,,,PER_JM_MEDIEVAL,A,reviewed,,,,,"The seventh Sefirah, endurance, eternity, and victory; the lower terminus of the right pillar.",sefirah
ENT_JM_NETZOTZOT,Netzotzot,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmogonic principle,Holy sparks,the fallen sparks of divine light trapped in the shells,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic cosmogony,0,0,0,"The Netzotzot, the holy sparks of divine light scattered and trapped among the shells at the Shevirah.",abstraction
ENT_JM_NUKVA,Nukva,,Jewish Mystical,Partzuf,Divine configuration,the Female; Malkhut; the Shekhinah; the divine couple,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic partzuf,0,0,0,"Nukva de-Zeir Anpin (""the Female""), the partzuf of Malkhut and the Shekhinah, consort of Zeir Anpin.",sefirah
ENT_JM_NURIEL,Nuriel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,fire,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Angel of fire in Hekhalot and midrashic tradition,angel
ENT_JM_OPHANIM,Ophanim,,Jewish Mystical,Angel collective,Angelic Collective,wheels; throne; celestial motion,,Merkabah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major angelic collective,0,0,0,Wheel angels associated with the divine throne.,collective
ENT_JM_OPHANNIEL,Ophanniel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,the sphere of the moon,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince of the globe of the moon in 3 Enoch,angel
ENT_JM_PESAKIR,Pesakir (Psbr),,Jewish Mystical,Operative angel,Encampment chief,first firmament; swift travel; messenger,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Pesakir (Psbr) heads the sixth encampment of the first firmament in Sefer ha-Razim; its angels are charged with crossing the earth at great speed (swift messengers).,angel
ENT_JM_QLIPHOTH,Qliphoth,,Jewish Mystical,Demonic collective,The shells,the husks that imprison the sparks; the powers of impurity,,Kabbalistic,,A,candidate_verified_name,Kabbalistic realm of evil,0,1,0,"The Qliphoth (kelipot), the ""shells/husks"" formed from the broken vessels that imprison the holy sparks.",collective
ENT_JM_RAAMIEL,Raamiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,thunder,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the thunders in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_RAASIEL,Raasiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,earthquake,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the earthquake in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_RADUERIEL,Radueriel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,heavenly archivist and scribe,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Celestial archivist-scribe (Vretil in 2 Enoch) in 3 Enoch 27,angel
ENT_JM_RAHATIEL,Rahatiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,the constellations,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the constellations in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_RAZIEL,Raziel,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel,Angelic Being,secrets; wisdom; esoteric knowledge,,Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major Jewish mystical entity,0,0,0,Angel of divine mysteries and esoteric wisdom.,angel
ENT_JM_RESHIMU,Reshimu,,Jewish Mystical,Cosmogonic process,Residual light,the trace of divine light left after the contraction,,Kabbalistic,,B,candidate_verified_name,Lurianic cosmogony,0,0,0,"The Reshimu, the residue of divine light remaining in the vacated space after the Tzimtzum.",abstraction
ENT_JM_RHTIAL,Rhtial,,Jewish Mystical,Angelic prince,Firmament prince,third firmament; angelic command,,regional,,B,candidate_verified_name,"Named power of the late-antique/medieval Jewish magical corpus (Sefer ha-Razim, Sword of Moses, Sefer Raziel)",0,0,0,Rhtial is one of the three princes set over the angelic host of the third firmament in Sefer ha-Razim.,angel
ENT_JM_RIKBIEL,Rikbiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,prince of the wheels of the Merkabah,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince over the wheels of the divine chariot in 3 Enoch 23,angel
ENT_JM_RUCHIEL,Ruchiel,,Jewish Mystical,Angel/prince,Angel,wind,,,,B,candidate_verified_name,,,,,Prince appointed over the wind in 3 Enoch 14,angel
ENT_JM_SABBATAI_ZEVI,Sabbatai Zevi,,Jewish Mystical,Mystic,Messianic claimant,"['messianism', 'mysticism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"Sabbatai Zevi (1626-1676), the self-proclaimed Jewish messiah whose movement convulsed Jewry in 1665-66; he converted to Islam under Ottoman threat, splitting his followers. Drew on Lurianic redemption theology.",sage
ENT_JM_SABBATEANS,Sabbateans,,Jewish Mystical,Collective,Messianic claimant,"['messianism', 'mysticism']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"The 17th-century messianic movement that proclaimed Sabbatai Zevi as the messiah, drawing on Lurianic eschatology and erupting in 1665-66.",collective
ENT_JM_SAFED_KABBALISTS,Safed Kabbalists,,Jewish Mystical,Collective,Kabbalist,"['kabbalah', 'mysticism', 'Torah study']",,devotional,,A,candidate_verified_name,Early-modern Abrahamic build (1500-1800) (v1.81.0),0,0,0,"The 16th-century circle of mystics gathered at Safed in the Galilee, the center of post-expulsion Kabbalah; home to Cordovero, Luria, Vital, Karo and Alkabetz.",collective
ENT_JM_SANDALPHON,Sandalphon,,Jewish Mystical,Archangel,Angelic Being,prayer; heavenly ascent; mediation,,Hekhalot/Kabbalah,,A,candidate_verified_name,Major Jewish mystical entity,0,0,0,Major angel associated with prayer and heavenly mediation.,angel