entities: ENT_URA_KHALDI

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entity_id canonical_name greek_name tradition entity_type category primary_domains tags cult_scope primary_period evidence_confidence review_status inclusion_basis earth_association_score chthonic_flag serpent_flag short_note entity_class
ENT_URA_KHALDI Khaldi   Urartian supreme deity / war god High Deity war; national sovereignty; victory; sky; divine command; conquest       A           Supreme deity and national god of the Kingdom of Urartu (c. 860–590 BCE); the most extensively attested Urartian deity. Khaldi (also Ḫaldi) is a war deity who commands and legitimates the royal campaigns: every major Urartian inscription opens with the formula "By the greatness of Khaldi, Sarduri/Ispuini/Menua/Argishti/Rusa, king of Urartu, says..." His principal cult center was the great temple at Musasir (Ardini), whose destruction by Sargon II of Assyria in 714 BCE prompted an unusually detailed record in Sargon's eighth campaign letter (an Assyrian primary source): the temple's bronze shields, statues, and treasures are described item by item as war booty. Khaldi is depicted standing on a lion (the war-deity iconographic tradition of the ancient Near East). He heads the divine triad Khaldi-Teisheba-Shivini that structures the Urartian divine hierarchy — mirroring the Hurrian three-god tradition of Teshub-Shaushka-Shimegi and the Mesopotamian Anu-Enlil-Ea triad. His name is preserved in the Armenians' ancient designation of the eastern Black Sea coastal region as "Khaldia." Zimansky (1985) pp. 56-80; Piotrovsky (1969) pp. 90-110. deity

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