entity_id,period_id,confidence,rationale,source_id,review_status
ENT_CAN_DAGON,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Philistine Dagon attested at Ashdod and Gaza: Judges 16:23, 1 Samuel 5; Iron Age continuity",SRC_DDD_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_CAN_RESHEPH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,medium,Resheph as personified pestilence in Hebrew Bible: Habakkuk 3:5 (7th c. BCE); Deuteronomy 32:24,SRC_DDD_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AARON,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Brother of Moses and Miriam, spokesman before Pharaoh, and the first high priest of Israel.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ABEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Second son of Adam and Eve, a keeper of sheep whose offering was favored and who was slain by his brother Cain.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ABIJAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Rehoboam who warred against Jeroboam I and won at Mount Zemaraim, reigning three years.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ABRAHAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"First of the patriarchs, called from Ur, recipient of the covenant, father of Ishmael by Hagar and Isaac by Sarah.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ABSALOM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Handsome son of David who rose in rebellion to seize the throne and was killed by Joab after his hair caught in an oak.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ADAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,The J source creation narrative (Genesis 2-3) dates to c. 900-850 BCE; the P source (Genesis 1) to c. 550-450 BCE; Adam is foundational to both Iron Age Yahwistic and Exilic priestly traditions,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AHAB,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Omri and king of Israel who, married to Jezebel, promoted the worship of Baal and was repeatedly opposed by the prophet Elijah.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AHAZ,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,King of Judah condemned for idolatry who sought Assyrian protection against Aram and Israel during the Syro-Ephraimite war.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AHAZIAH_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Ahab who reigned two years, served Baal, and after falling through a lattice consulted Baal-zebub and died as Elijah foretold.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AHAZIAH_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Jehoram and Athaliah who reigned one year and was killed by Jehu during his revolt.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AMAZIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Joash who defeated Edom but was beaten and captured by Jehoash of Israel and later killed in a conspiracy at Lachish.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AMON_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Manasseh who continued his father's idolatry and was assassinated by his servants after two years.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_AMOS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"A mid-8th-century BCE Judahite shepherd who prophesied against the northern kingdom, condemning injustice and empty worship.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ASA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"King of Judah praised for removing idols and reforming worship, who relied on an alliance with Aram against the northern kingdom.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ATHALIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Daughter of Ahab/Jezebel who seized Judah's throne after Ahaziah's death and slaughtered the royal heirs, ruling six years until executed by Jehoiada.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_BAASHA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Founder of his own house who seized the throne by killing Nadab, warred against Asa, and was condemned by the prophet Jehu son of Hanani.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_BALAAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Mesopotamian seer hired by Balak of Moab to curse Israel who, restrained by Yahweh and his speaking donkey, blessed them instead.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_BATHSHEBA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Wife of David, taken after the death of Uriah, and mother of King Solomon.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_BENJAMIN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Youngest son of Jacob and Rachel, born at her death, ancestor of the tribe of Benjamin and of King Saul.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_BOAZ,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Wealthy Bethlehemite who acted as kinsman-redeemer, married Ruth, and became the great-grandfather of King David.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_CAIN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Firstborn son of Adam and Eve, a tiller of the ground who murdered his brother Abel and was marked and exiled.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_CALEB,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"One of the twelve spies who, with Joshua, trusted in Yahweh and was rewarded with the inheritance of Hebron.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_DAVID,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Shepherd anointed by Samuel who slew Goliath, became king over all Israel, and received the everlasting dynastic covenant.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_DEBORAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Prophetess and judge who summoned Barak and celebrated the defeat of Sisera in the Song of Deborah.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_DELILAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Woman of the Valley of Sorek who, bribed by the Philistine lords, coaxed from Samson the secret of his strength and betrayed him.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ELAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Baasha who reigned two years and was murdered while drunk by his chariot commander Zimri.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ELIJAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Elijah is active during Ahab (c. 869-850 BCE) and Ahaziah (c. 850-849 BCE) in the northern kingdom; 1-2 Kings are among the oldest narrative prose traditions in the Hebrew Bible,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ELISHA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"A 9th-century BCE prophet of the northern kingdom who succeeded Elijah, receiving a double portion of his spirit and performing many miracles.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_EVE,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Formed as the first woman and 'mother of all living,' she eats the forbidden fruit and bears Cain, Abel, and Seth.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_GIDEON,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Judge who, with three hundred men, delivered Israel from the Midianites after testing Yahweh with the fleece.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_GOLIATH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Philistine giant of Gath whose challenge to Israel was answered and ended by the young David with a sling and stone.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_HABAKKUK,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A late 7th-century BCE prophet who questioned God about the Babylonian threat and concluded that the righteous shall live by their faith.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_HAGAR,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Egyptian servant of Sarah who bore Abraham's son Ishmael and was met by the angel of Yahweh in the wilderness.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_HEZEKIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Reforming king of Judah who centralized worship, withstood the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem, and was granted fifteen added years of life.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_HOSEA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,An 8th-century BCE prophet to the northern kingdom whose troubled marriage dramatizes Israel's faithlessness and God's enduring covenant love.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_HOSHEA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Final northern king who killed Pekah, became an Assyrian vassal but conspired with Egypt, and was imprisoned as Samaria fell and Israel was deported in 722 BCE.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ISAAC,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Abraham and Sarah, bound on Mount Moriah, husband of Rebecca, and father of Esau and Jacob.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ISAIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"An 8th-century BCE Judahite prophet whose oracles warn of judgment yet promise a remnant, a Davidic messiah, and a restored Zion.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_ISHMAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Firstborn son of Abraham by Hagar, ancestor of twelve princes, who dwelt in the wilderness of Paran.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JACOB,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Isaac and Rebecca, renamed Israel after wrestling at Peniel, father of the twelve sons who became the tribes of Israel.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOAHAZ_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Jehu whose reign saw Israel ground down by Hazael of Aram until only a remnant army remained.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOAHAZ_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Josiah (Shallum) who reigned three months before Pharaoh Necho deposed him and carried him to Egypt, where he died.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOASH_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Jehoahaz (Joash) who recovered cities from Aram per Elisha's deathbed prophecy and defeated Amaziah of Judah.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOIACHIN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Jehoiakim who reigned three months before surrendering in the 597 BCE deportation, later released from prison by Evil-merodach.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOIAKIM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Josiah installed by Necho who became Nebuchadnezzar's vassal, rebelled, burned Jeremiah's scroll, and died as Babylon advanced.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHORAM_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Ahab (Joram) who fought Moab and Aram and was killed by Jehu during his coup, ending the Omride dynasty.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHORAM_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Jehoshaphat who married Athaliah, killed his brothers, lost Edom in revolt, and died of an incurable disease.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHOSHAPHAT,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,King of Judah remembered for instituting judges and Levitical teaching and for his ill-fated alliance with Ahab of Israel.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEHU,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Northern king anointed at Elisha's direction who overthrew the house of Omri, killed Jezebel, and exterminated the worship of Baal in Israel.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEROBOAM_I,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"First king of the breakaway northern Kingdom of Israel, who set up golden calves at Dan and Bethel and became the archetype of sinful kingship.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEROBOAM_II,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Long-reigning northern king under whom Israel reached its greatest extent, the setting for the prophets Amos and Hosea.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JEZEBEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Phoenician wife of Ahab who promoted Baal worship, persecuted Yahweh's prophets, and engineered the death of Naboth before her own violent end.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOASH_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Hidden as an infant from Athaliah and enthroned at seven by the priest Jehoiada; repaired the Temple but later apostatized and was assassinated.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOB,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A blameless man of Uz whose endurance of catastrophic suffering frames the book's debate on divine justice.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A prophet of Judah who reads a devastating locust plague as a sign of the coming Day of the Lord and promises an outpouring of God's Spirit.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JONAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"A reluctant prophet, swallowed by a great fish, whose mission to Nineveh reveals God's compassion even toward Israel's enemies.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JONATHAN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Eldest son of Saul, a brave warrior bound to David in covenant friendship, who fell with his father at the battle of Mount Gilboa.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOSEPH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Favored son of Jacob and Rachel, sold into Egypt, who rose to vizier and preserved his family during famine.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOSHUA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Successor of Moses who led Israel across the Jordan and in the conquest of Canaan, dividing the land among the tribes.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOSIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Reforming king of Judah who, on the discovery of the book of the law, purged idolatry and renewed the covenant before dying at Megiddo.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JOTHAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Uzziah who served as regent during his father's leprosy, built the Upper Gate of the Temple, and is judged generally righteous.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Fourth son of Jacob and Leah and ancestor of the royal Davidic line, blessed that the scepter would not depart.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_JUDGES,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,The charismatic deliverers who led the tribes of Israel in the period before the monarchy.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_KINGS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"The three successive kings of the united Israelite kingdom — Saul, David, and Solomon — before its division.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_KINGS_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"The succession of kings, across several dynasties, who ruled the breakaway northern Kingdom of Israel until its fall to Assyria.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_KINGS_JUDAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,The succession of Davidic kings who ruled the southern Kingdom of Judah from the division of the monarchy until the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_LATTER_PROPHETS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"The prophetic canon division comprising the three Major Prophets and the Book of the Twelve, spanning the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian periods.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_LEAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"First wife of Jacob and mother of six of his sons, including Levi and Judah, ancestors of priesthood and kingship.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_LEVI,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Third son of Jacob and Leah and ancestor of the priestly tribe of Levi, including Moses and Aaron.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_LOT,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Nephew of Abraham (son of Haran) who settled in Sodom and was delivered from its destruction (Genesis 13, 19).",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MANASSEH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Longest-reigning king of Judah, condemned for grievous idolatry, whom Chronicles portrays as repenting after Assyrian captivity.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MATRIARCHS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"The four foremothers of Israel — Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah — mothers of the covenant line.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MENAHEM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Gadi who seized power by killing Shallum, sacked Tiphsah, and paid tribute to Pul (Tiglath-pileser III) of Assyria.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MICAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"An 8th-century BCE contemporary of Isaiah who called Israel to do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with God.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MIRIAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Sister of Moses and Aaron, called a prophetess, who led the women in song after the crossing of the sea.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_MOSES,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,The written Torah traditions (J/E sources c. 900-750 BCE; D source c. 620 BCE; P source c. 550-450 BCE) are Iron Age and Exilic compositions; Moses as a figure is set in the Late Bronze Age / Iron Age transition but exists textually in Iron Age sources,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NAAMAN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Commander of the army of Aram, cured of leprosy by washing seven times in the Jordan at the word of the prophet Elisha.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NADAB,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Jeroboam I who reigned two years before Baasha assassinated him at Gibbethon and wiped out his father's dynasty.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NAHUM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A 7th-century BCE prophet who proclaimed the impending fall of Nineveh as God's judgment on a cruel empire.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NAOMI,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Bethlehemite widow who returned from Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth and was restored through the birth of Obed, ancestor of David.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NATHAN,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A 10th-century BCE court prophet under King David who delivered the Davidic covenant promise and rebuked David over Bathsheba and Uriah.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_NOAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,medium,The J source (c. 900-850 BCE) flood narrative reaches written form in the Iron Age; the earlier oral tradition is pre-Iron Age but not recoverable,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_OMRI,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Northern king who founded a powerful dynasty and built Samaria as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_PATRIARCHS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"The three forefathers of Israel — Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — invoked together as the recipients of the covenant.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_PEKAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Remaliah who killed Pekahiah, allied with Rezin of Aram against Judah, lost much land to Tiglath-pileser III, and was killed by Hoshea.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_PEKAHIAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Menahem who reigned two years before his officer Pekah assassinated him in the citadel of Samaria.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_RACHEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Beloved wife of Jacob, mother of Joseph and Benjamin, who died in childbirth near Bethlehem.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_REBECCA,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Wife of Isaac, found at the well, mother of twins Esau and Jacob whom she helped secure the blessing.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_REHOBOAM,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Solomon whose refusal to lighten the people's burden provoked the northern tribes to secede, leaving him king of Judah alone.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_RUTH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Moabite widow whose loyalty to Naomi led to her marriage to Boaz, making her great-grandmother of King David.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SAMSON,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Nazirite judge of immense strength who fought the Philistines and died bringing down their temple at Gaza.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SAMUEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Last judge and a prophet who anointed both Saul and David as kings of Israel.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SARAH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Wife of Abraham and first matriarch, who bore Isaac in old age after the promise of a son.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SAUL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"First king of Israel from the tribe of Benjamin, anointed by Samuel, rejected for disobedience, and slain at Gilboa.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SETH,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Third son of Adam and Eve, given in place of slain Abel, through whose line Enosh, Enoch, and Noah descend.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_SHALLUM_ISRAEL,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,Son of Jabesh who killed Zechariah and reigned a single month before Menahem struck him down.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_TIBNI,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,"Son of Ginath supported by half of Israel against Omri in a succession struggle, but his faction was defeated and he died.",SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed
ENT_ISR_TWELVE_PROPHETS,PER_ISR_IRON_AGE,high,A single scroll in the Hebrew canon gathering twelve shorter prophetic books from the 8th century BCE to the post-exilic restoration.,SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE,reviewed