Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

62 rows where period_id = "PER_APOSTOLIC"

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Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_CHR_GOG_AND_MAGOG,PER_APOSTOLIC Gog and Magog ENT_CHR_GOG_AND_MAGOG Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC medium Gog of the land of Magog (Ezekiel 38-39), reinterpreted in Revelation 20:8 as 'Gog and Magog,' the nations gathered by Satan after the millennium for the final assault before their destruction by fire; modeled as a single paired eschatological entity. SRC_HEBREW_BIBLE reviewed
ENT_NT_AGABUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Agabus ENT_NT_AGABUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A Christian prophet who foretold a great famine (Acts 11:28) and predicted Paul's arrest in Jerusalem (Acts 21:10-11). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ANANIAS_DAMASCUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Ananias of Damascus ENT_NT_ANANIAS_DAMASCUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A disciple at Damascus sent in a vision to lay hands on Saul of Tarsus, restoring his sight and baptizing him (Acts 9:10-19). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ANDREW,PER_APOSTOLIC Andrew ENT_NT_ANDREW Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A fisherman of Bethsaida and brother of Simon Peter, called by Jesus to be a fisher of men and numbered among the Twelve. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_APOLLOS,PER_APOSTOLIC Apollos ENT_NT_APOLLOS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high An eloquent Alexandrian Jew 'mighty in the Scriptures,' instructed more fully by Priscilla and Aquila, then a powerful coworker at Corinth whom Paul names as a fellow planter. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_AQUILA,PER_APOSTOLIC Aquila ENT_NT_AQUILA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Aquila, a Jew of Pontus and tentmaker, with his wife Priscilla a close coworker of Paul who instructed Apollos and hosted house churches at Ephesus and Rome. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_BARNABAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Barnabas ENT_NT_BARNABAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A Levite of Cyprus surnamed Barnabas ('son of encouragement') who introduced Paul to the apostles and traveled with him as a missionary. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_BARTHOLOMEW,PER_APOSTOLIC Bartholomew (Nathanael) ENT_NT_BARTHOLOMEW Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Listed among the Twelve as Bartholomew and commonly identified with the Nathanael whom Jesus praised as guileless in John's Gospel. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_CAIAPHAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Caiaphas ENT_NT_CAIAPHAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Joseph Caiaphas, high priest who convened the Sanhedrin against Jesus and counseled that one man should die for the people; son-in-law of Annas, plausibly attested by the inscribed ossuary found in Jerusalem. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_CORNELIUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Cornelius (the centurion) ENT_NT_CORNELIUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A God-fearing centurion at Caesarea who, after a vision, was baptized by Peter and became the first Gentile convert (Acts 10). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_EPAPHRAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Epaphras ENT_NT_EPAPHRAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A fellow servant who brought the gospel to Colossae and is named as Paul's fellow prisoner (Colossians 1:7; 4:12). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ETHIOPIAN_EUNUCH,PER_APOSTOLIC The Ethiopian eunuch ENT_NT_ETHIOPIAN_EUNUCH Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The treasurer of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was reading Isaiah when Philip explained the Scripture and baptized him (Acts 8:26-39). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_FOUR_EVANGELISTS,PER_APOSTOLIC The Four Evangelists ENT_NT_FOUR_EVANGELISTS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John — the traditional authors of the four canonical Gospels. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_GAMALIEL,PER_APOSTOLIC Gamaliel ENT_NT_GAMALIEL Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A respected Pharisee who counseled restraint toward the apostles (Acts 5:34) and at whose feet Paul was educated (Acts 22:3). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_HEROD_ANTIPAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Herod Antipas ENT_NT_HEROD_ANTIPAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, son of Herod the Great, who imprisoned and beheaded John the Baptist and to whom Pilate sent Jesus during the trial. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_HEROD_GREAT,PER_APOSTOLIC Herod the Great ENT_NT_HEROD_GREAT Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Rome's client king of Judaea, the Herod of the Nativity who, alarmed by the Magi, ordered the killing of the infants of Bethlehem; abundantly attested by Josephus. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JAMES_ALPHAEUS,PER_APOSTOLIC James, son of Alphaeus ENT_NT_JAMES_ALPHAEUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high An apostle named in all four lists of the Twelve as the son of Alphaeus, distinct from James the son of Zebedee. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JAMES_JUST,PER_APOSTOLIC James the Just ENT_NT_JAMES_JUST Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high James 'the Lord's brother' (Gal 1:19), distinct from the apostolic Jameses, who presided over the Jerusalem church and the council of Acts 15 and is the traditional author of the Epistle of James. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JOHN_APOSTLE,PER_APOSTOLIC John, son of Zebedee ENT_NT_JOHN_APOSTLE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Son of Zebedee and brother of James the Greater, traditionally identified with the Beloved Disciple and reckoned both apostle and evangelist. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JOSEPH_ARIMATHEA,PER_APOSTOLIC Joseph of Arimathea ENT_NT_JOSEPH_ARIMATHEA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A rich and respected councillor and secret disciple who asked Pilate for the body of Jesus and laid it in his own new rock-cut tomb; present in all four Gospels. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JUDAS_ISCARIOT,PER_APOSTOLIC Judas Iscariot ENT_NT_JUDAS_ISCARIOT Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The apostle who betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver and afterward died, his place among the Twelve filled by Matthias. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JUDE,PER_APOSTOLIC Jude (Brother of the Lord) ENT_NT_JUDE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Jude (Judas), named among the brothers of the Lord and identified in his epistle as 'brother of James'; traditional author of the canonical Epistle of Jude, distinguished here from the apostle Jude Thaddaeus. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JUDE_THADDAEUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Jude (Thaddaeus) ENT_NT_JUDE_THADDAEUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high An apostle listed as Thaddaeus in Matthew and Mark and as Judas son (or brother) of James in Luke and Acts. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_JUNIA,PER_APOSTOLIC Junia ENT_NT_JUNIA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A kinswoman and fellow prisoner of Paul, greeted in Romans 16:7 as outstanding among the apostles. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_LAZARUS_BETHANY,PER_APOSTOLIC Lazarus of Bethany ENT_NT_LAZARUS_BETHANY Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The brother of Martha and Mary of Bethany, whom Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_LUKE,PER_APOSTOLIC Luke ENT_NT_LUKE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A physician and companion of Paul, traditionally credited with the Third Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_LYDIA,PER_APOSTOLIC Lydia of Thyatira ENT_NT_LYDIA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A God-fearing dealer in purple goods from Thyatira at Philippi whose heart 'the Lord opened'; the first named convert in Europe, whose home became the base of the Philippian church. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MARK,PER_APOSTOLIC Mark ENT_NT_MARK Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high John Mark, a companion of Paul, Barnabas, and Peter, traditionally identified as the author of the Second Gospel. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MARTHA,PER_APOSTOLIC Martha ENT_NT_MARTHA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A sister of Lazarus and Mary who served Jesus at Bethany and confessed him as the Christ, the Son of God. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MARY_BETHANY,PER_APOSTOLIC Mary of Bethany ENT_NT_MARY_BETHANY Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Sister of Martha and Lazarus, who sat at Jesus' feet to learn (Luke 10) and anointed his feet with costly nard before the Passion (John 12); distinct from Mary Magdalene. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MARY_OF_JAMES,PER_APOSTOLIC Mary, mother of James ENT_NT_MARY_OF_JAMES Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Mary the mother of James the younger and Joses, one of the Galilean women at the cross and among the myrrh-bearers who found the empty tomb ('the other Mary'). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MATTHEW,PER_APOSTOLIC Matthew (Levi) ENT_NT_MATTHEW Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A tax collector (the Levi of Mark and Luke) called by Jesus, numbered among the Twelve and traditionally credited with the First Gospel. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MATTHIAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Matthias ENT_NT_MATTHIAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A disciple who had followed Jesus from his baptism and was chosen by lot to take the place of Judas Iscariot among the Twelve. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_MYRRHBEARERS,PER_APOSTOLIC The Myrrh-Bearing Women ENT_NT_MYRRHBEARERS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The Myrrh-Bearing Women (Myrophoroi) who brought spices to anoint Jesus' body and became the first witnesses of the Resurrection; commemorated as a group in Eastern tradition. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_NICANOR,PER_APOSTOLIC Nicanor ENT_NT_NICANOR Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the seven deacons named in Acts 6:5, set apart by the apostles with prayer and the laying on of hands. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_NICODEMUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Nicodemus ENT_NT_NICODEMUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin who came to Jesus by night and later helped Joseph of Arimathea bury him. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_NICOLAUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Nicolaus of Antioch ENT_NT_NICOLAUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The last-named of the seven deacons in Acts 6:5, identified as a proselyte from Antioch. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ONESIMUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Onesimus ENT_NT_ONESIMUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The slave of Philemon who, converted by Paul in prison, was sent back as a beloved brother (Philemon 10-16). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ONESIPHORUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Onesiphorus ENT_NT_ONESIPHORUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A supporter who often refreshed Paul and, unashamed of his chains, diligently sought him out in Rome (2 Timothy 1:16-18). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PARMENAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Parmenas ENT_NT_PARMENAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the seven deacons named in Acts 6:5 among those chosen to administer the church's daily distribution. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PAULINE_CIRCLE,PER_APOSTOLIC The Pauline Circle ENT_NT_PAULINE_CIRCLE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The missionary companions and coworkers of the apostle Paul named in Acts and the epistles — Barnabas, Mark, Luke, Timothy, and Titus. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PHILEMON,PER_APOSTOLIC Philemon ENT_NT_PHILEMON Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A Christian of Colossae and host of a house church, addressed by Paul in the Epistle to Philemon on behalf of his slave Onesimus. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PHILIP,PER_APOSTOLIC Philip ENT_NT_PHILIP Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A native of Bethsaida who, on being called by Jesus, sought out Nathanael with the words 'Come and see.' SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PHILIP_EVANGELIST,PER_APOSTOLIC Philip the Evangelist ENT_NT_PHILIP_EVANGELIST Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the Seven chosen in Acts 6:5, later evangelizing Samaria and baptizing the Ethiopian eunuch; Acts 21:8 calls him 'the evangelist, one of the seven,' distinguishing him from the apostle Philip. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PHOEBE,PER_APOSTOLIC Phoebe (deaconess) ENT_NT_PHOEBE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A deacon (diakonos) of the church at Cenchreae whom Paul commends as a benefactor and entrusts to the Roman church (Romans 16:1-2). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PILATE,PER_APOSTOLIC Pontius Pilate ENT_NT_PILATE Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The Roman prefect of Judaea who tried Jesus and ordered the crucifixion; named in the creeds and confirmed epigraphically by the Pilate Stone. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PRISCILLA,PER_APOSTOLIC Priscilla ENT_NT_PRISCILLA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Priscilla (Prisca), wife of Aquila and his constant ministry partner; together they instructed Apollos and hosted a house church, she frequently named first. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_PROCHORUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Prochorus ENT_NT_PROCHORUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the seven men of good repute appointed in Acts 6:5 to oversee the daily distribution to the Hellenist widows. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_SALOME,PER_APOSTOLIC Salome (the Myrrh-Bearer) ENT_NT_SALOME Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the Galilean women who followed Jesus, present at the crucifixion and among those who came to the tomb with spices; often identified with the mother of the sons of Zebedee, and distinct from Salome daughter of Herodias. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_SEVEN_DEACONS,PER_APOSTOLIC The Seven Deacons (Acts 6) ENT_NT_SEVEN_DEACONS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The Seven chosen in Acts 6 to oversee the daily distribution to widows, traditionally regarded as the first deacons; named members include Stephen the protomartyr and Philip the Evangelist. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_SILAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Silas ENT_NT_SILAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Silas (Silvanus), a leading man and prophet of the Jerusalem church, chosen by Paul for the second journey and imprisoned with him at Philippi; co-sender of 1-2 Thessalonians. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_SIMON_ZEALOT,PER_APOSTOLIC Simon the Zealot ENT_NT_SIMON_ZEALOT Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high An apostle of the Twelve called the Zealot (or Cananaean) to distinguish him from Simon Peter. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_TABITHA,PER_APOSTOLIC Tabitha (Dorcas) ENT_NT_TABITHA Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A disciple of Joppa known for charity and garment-making who was raised from the dead by Peter (Acts 9:36-42). SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_THOMAS,PER_APOSTOLIC Thomas ENT_NT_THOMAS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high An apostle called Didymus who doubted the resurrection until he saw the risen Christ, then confessed him as 'My Lord and my God.' SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_TIMON,PER_APOSTOLIC Timon ENT_NT_TIMON Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high One of the seven deacons listed in Acts 6:5 to relieve the apostles of the daily ministration. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_TIMOTHY,PER_APOSTOLIC Timothy ENT_NT_TIMOTHY Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A disciple of Lystra, son of a Jewish mother and Greek father, who became Paul's close coworker and the recipient of two epistles. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_TITUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Titus ENT_NT_TITUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A Greek coworker of Paul, sent to Corinth and left in Crete to set its churches in order, and the recipient of the Epistle to Titus. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_TWELVE_APOSTLES,PER_APOSTOLIC The Twelve Apostles ENT_NT_TWELVE_APOSTLES Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high The twelve disciples chosen by Jesus as his closest followers and witnesses, the foundation of the apostolic Church. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_NT_ZACCHAEUS,PER_APOSTOLIC Zacchaeus ENT_NT_ZACCHAEUS Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high A wealthy chief tax collector at Jericho who climbed a sycamore to see Jesus, received him, and pledged half his goods to the poor and fourfold restitution. SRC_NEW_TESTAMENT reviewed
ENT_PAT_CLEMENT_ROME,PER_APOSTOLIC Clement of Rome ENT_PAT_CLEMENT_ROME Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Bishop of Rome (late 1st c.), an Apostolic Father; attested chiefly by the First Epistle of Clement (1 Clement) and by later episcopal lists. SRC_QUASTEN_PATROLOGY reviewed
ENT_PAT_IGNATIUS_ANTIOCH,PER_APOSTOLIC Ignatius of Antioch ENT_PAT_IGNATIUS_ANTIOCH Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Bishop of Antioch (d. c. 108), an Apostolic Father and martyr; attested by his seven authentic letters written en route to martyrdom in Rome. SRC_QUASTEN_PATROLOGY reviewed
ENT_PAT_POLYCARP,PER_APOSTOLIC Polycarp of Smyrna ENT_PAT_POLYCARP Apostolic Age PER_APOSTOLIC high Bishop of Smyrna (c. 69-155), an Apostolic Father, disciple of John; attested by his Letter to the Philippians and the Martyrdom of Polycarp. SRC_QUASTEN_PATROLOGY reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);