Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

17 rows where period_id = "PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC"

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Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Idol of the Tayyiʾ tribe, a reddish rock outcrop on Jabal Aja serving as a place of asylum, described in Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high White quartz betyl and oracular sanctuary at Tabala in Yemen, 'the Yemeni Kaʿba,' venerated by Daws, Khathʿam and Bajila per Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_ISAF,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Idol at the Kaʿba; in tradition a man petrified for sacrilege, paired with Nāʾila, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Collective of the betyls and idols of the Hijaz and wider Arabia catalogued in Ibn al-Kalbi's Kitab al-Asnam and reflected in Qurʾan 71:23. SRC_QURAN reviewed
ENT_ARAB_MANAF,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Meccan deity whose name survives in the Quraysh name ʿAbd Manaf; listed among the gods of Mecca in Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_NAILA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Female idol at the Kaʿba, paired with Isāf as a petrified couple, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_NUHM,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Nuhm ENT_ARAB_NUHM Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Deity of the Muzayna tribe whose name survives in the theophoric ʿAbd Nuhm; listed in Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_QUZAH,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Storm/rainbow deity associated with the hill Quzaḥ at Muzdalifa near Mecca; Arabic qaws Quzaḥ ('Quzaḥ's bow' = rainbow) preserves his name. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_RUDA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high North Arabian astral deity (Venus) attested in Thamudic and Safaitic inscriptions and named in Assyrian records as 'Ruldaiu'; also in Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_SAD,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high A tall rock idol of the Banu Milkan (Kinana) on which sacrificial blood was poured, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed
ENT_ARAB_SUWA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Suwāʿ ENT_ARAB_SUWA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23; later the idol of the Hudhayl tribe at Ruhat per Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_QURAN reviewed
ENT_ARAB_YAUQ,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Yaʿūq ENT_ARAB_YAUQ Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23 ('the preventer/protector'); horse-formed idol of Hamdan at Khaywan in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi. SRC_QURAN reviewed
ENT_ARA_ALLAT,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Al-Lat attested from c. 5th c. BCE (Herodotus 3.8) through the Islamic conquest (622 CE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES reviewed
ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Al-Uzza's Nabataean inscriptions date from the 1st c. BCE; worship continued to the Islamic conquest SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed
ENT_ARA_DUSHARA,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Dushara attested from the Nabataean kingdom (4th c. BCE) through the Roman period (106 CE) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed
ENT_ARA_HUBAL,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Hubal as the chief Meccan deity in the period immediately before Islam; Ibn al-Kalbi is the primary source SRC_ELIADE_ER reviewed
ENT_ARA_MANAT,PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC Manat ENT_ARA_MANAT Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC high Manat attested in pre-Islamic Arabian tradition through the Quranic condemnation (622 CE) SRC_QURAN reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);