Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

22 rows where period_id = "PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL"

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Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_ELAM_HISHMITIK,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Hishmitik ENT_ELAM_HISHMITIK Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Deity worshipped (frequently paired with Ruhurater) in the Tchoga Zanbil precinct of Untash-Napirisha. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_HUMBAN,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Humban ENT_ELAM_HUMBAN Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Humban appears in Old Elamite inscriptions and dominates the Neo-Elamite royal nomenclature (8th–7th c. BCE); Assurbanipal's account of the Susa sacking (647 BCE) is a primary Assyrian source. SRC_CARTER_STOLPER_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_HUTRAN,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Hutran ENT_ELAM_HUTRAN Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Son of Napirisha and Kiririsha in the Tchoga Zanbil / Anshanite theology; invoked in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions for protection of the king. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_INSHUSHINAK,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Inshushinak ENT_ELAM_INSHUSHINAK Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Inshushinak is attested from the Old Elamite period (earliest inscriptions, c. 2200 BCE) through the Neo-Elamite period; his cult at Susa continued into the Achaemenid period. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_ISHMEKARAB,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Ishmekarab ENT_ELAM_ISHMEKARAB Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Deity of justice ('he/she has heard the prayer'); in Susian afterlife texts the 'advocatus dei' who, with Lagamal, escorts the soul before the judge Inshushinak; attested at Susa and Tchoga Zanbil. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_JABRU,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Jabru ENT_ELAM_JABRU Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Listed in Mesopotamian god lists (An=Anum, variant Yabru) as the 'Enlil of Elam'; known only from Mesopotamian texts and not yet attested in indigenous Elamite sources. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_KILAH_SHUPIR,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Kilah-shupir ENT_ELAM_KILAH_SHUPIR Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high God honoured by a dedicatory inscription in the Tchoga Zanbil temple complex of Untash-Napirisha. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_KIRIRISHA,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Kiririsha ENT_ELAM_KIRIRISHA Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Kiririsha is attested from the Old Elamite period through the Middle Elamite period at Liyan and Susa, and appears in Neo-Elamite inscriptions. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_LAGAMAL,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Lagamal ENT_ELAM_LAGAMAL Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Underworld god of Susa (also worshipped at Mesopotamian Dilbat); in Susian funerary texts the 'advocatus diaboli' who, with Ishmekarab, attends Inshushinak's judgment of souls. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_MANZAT,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Manzat ENT_ELAM_MANZAT Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Rainbow goddess shared between Elam and Mesopotamia; in Elam wife of Simut, worshipped at Susa and Der; attested in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_NAHHUNTE,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Nahhunte ENT_ELAM_NAHHUNTE Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Elamite sun god and guarantor of justice/contracts, counterpart of Mesopotamian Shamash; element in many royal names (e.g. Šutruk-Nahhunte) and attested from Susa. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_NAPIR,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Napir ENT_ELAM_NAPIR Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Elamite moon god ('the shining one'), theophoric in Untash-Napirisha; titled 'protector of the gods', invoked in the Neo-Elamite inscription of Hanni of Ayapir (EKI 75) and attested at Susa. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_NAPIRISHA,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Napirisha ENT_ELAM_NAPIRISHA Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Napirisha is the dominant divine figure of the Middle Elamite period (c. 1600–1100 BCE); his principal monument Chogha Zanbil dates to c. 1250 BCE. His cult persisted into the Neo-Elamite period. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_NAPRATEP,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Napratep ENT_ELAM_NAPRATEP Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Group of 'creator/protector gods' invoked in Middle Elamite royal inscriptions, notably those of Untash-Napirisha at Tchoga Zanbil. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_NARUNDI,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Narundi ENT_ELAM_NARUNDI Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Victory goddess worshipped at Susa c. 2250-1800 BCE (statue dedicated by Puzur-Inshushinak); in Mesopotamian An=Anum reckoned sister of the Sebitti, the 'divine seven of Elam'. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_PINIKIR,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Pinikir ENT_ELAM_PINIKIR Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Great early Elamite astral goddess titled 'mistress of heaven'; appears in the Old Elamite treaty of Naram-Sin and at Tchoga Zanbil, equated with Ishtar/Ninsianna in god lists. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_RUHURATER,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Ruhurater ENT_ELAM_RUHURATER Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Creator god whose cult centre was Huhnur; attested from an Ur III inscription of Amar-Sin and in Middle Elamite texts, regarded as a fashioner of humankind. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_SIASHUM,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Siashum ENT_ELAM_SIASHUM Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Goddess receiving a dedicated chapel/inscription in the sacred precinct of Tchoga Zanbil (Dur-Untash) under Untash-Napirisha. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_SIMUT,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Simut ENT_ELAM_SIMUT Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Elamite herald-god ('god of Elam'), spouse of Manzat, equated with Mesopotamian Nergal and the planet Mars; widely attested in royal inscriptions and An=Anum. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_SUHSIPA,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Suhsipa ENT_ELAM_SUHSIPA Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Elamite deity with a temple at Dur-Untash (Tchoga Zanbil) alongside Lagamar and Napirisha; grouped by Henkelman among gods of the husa, a funerary/netherworld sphere. SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_TIRUTUR,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Tirutur ENT_ELAM_TIRUTUR Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Elamite god regularly paired with Tepti in Neo-Elamite royal inscriptions; in the Hanni of Ayapir text the kitin of Tepti and Tirutur is invoked with Napir, Simut and Humban. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed
ENT_ELAM_UPURKUBAK,PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL Upurkubak ENT_ELAM_UPURKUBAK Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL high Goddess with a dedicated chapel at Tchoga Zanbil; named in Middle Elamite inscriptions of Untash-Napirisha. SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);