Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

34 rows where period_id = "PER_MES_OLD_BAB"

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Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_CAN_DAGON,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Dagon ENT_CAN_DAGON Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Dagan attested at Ebla (c. 2400 BCE) and Mari (c. 1800 BCE) as a major West Semitic deity; predates Ugaritic attestation SRC_DDD_BIBLE reviewed
ENT_MES_ADAPA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Adapa ENT_MES_ADAPA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_ANSHAR,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Anshar ENT_MES_ANSHAR Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_ANZU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Anzu ENT_MES_ANZU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Old Babylonian Anzu myth (c. 1700 BCE) is the earliest full version; iconographic attestation goes back to the Early Dynastic period SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed
ENT_MES_APSU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Apsu ENT_MES_APSU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Apsu as a named mythological entity alongside Tiamat appears in the Old Babylonian tradition leading to the Enuma Elish; the concept of the Abzu (subterranean fresh water) is older but the Apsu-as-named-deity-alongside-Tiamat is Old Babylonian SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_ASHUR,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Ashur ENT_MES_ASHUR Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Ashur (the Assyrian state deity) is attested from the Old Assyrian period (contemporaneous with Old Babylonian); his national cult at Assur develops in parallel with Marduk's at Babylon SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_AYA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Aya ENT_MES_AYA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_BASHMU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Bashmu ENT_MES_BASHMU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_BELET_ILI,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Belet-ili ENT_MES_BELET_ILI Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_BELET_SERI,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Belet-seri ENT_MES_BELET_SERI Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_DAMKINA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Damkina ENT_MES_DAMKINA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_ENKIDU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Enkidu ENT_MES_ENKIDU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Enkidu appears in Old Babylonian Gilgamesh texts (c. 1700 BCE) and in Sumerian precursor poems SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed
ENT_MES_ETANA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Etana ENT_MES_ETANA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_GILGAMESH,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Gilgamesh ENT_MES_GILGAMESH Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Old Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 1700 BCE) is the most developed early version; the Standard Babylonian version (Sin-leqi-unninni, c. 1200 BCE) is the canonical form SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed
ENT_MES_GIRTABLULLU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Girtablullu ENT_MES_GIRTABLULLU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_GUGALANNA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Gugalanna ENT_MES_GUGALANNA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_HUMBABA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Humbaba ENT_MES_HUMBABA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_KINGU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Kingu ENT_MES_KINGU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Kingu appears as Tiamat's champion in the Enuma Elish tradition, which reaches its canonical form in the Old Babylonian period; his blood is used to create humanity after Marduk's victory SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_KISHAR,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Kishar ENT_MES_KISHAR Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_KUSARIKKU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Kusarikku ENT_MES_KUSARIKKU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_LAHMU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Lahmu ENT_MES_LAHMU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_LAMASHTU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Lamashtu ENT_MES_LAMASHTU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Lamashtu as a named demoness threatening mothers and infants is attested in Old Babylonian incantation texts; the detailed iconography and ritual against her is Old Babylonian SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed
ENT_MES_MARDUK,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Marduk ENT_MES_MARDUK Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Marduk's rise as the chief deity of the Babylonian pantheon begins in the Old Babylonian period with the rise of the First Babylonian Dynasty; the Enuma Elish narrative of his victory over Tiamat is an Old Babylonian theological development SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_MUMMU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Mummu ENT_MES_MUMMU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_MUSHHUSHSHU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Mushhushshu ENT_MES_MUSHHUSHSHU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_NABU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Nabu ENT_MES_NABU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Nabu (son of Marduk; deity of writing and scribal arts) becomes prominent in the Old Babylonian period alongside Marduk's rise; his city Borsippa is attested as a major cult center from the Old Babylonian period SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_NINGAL,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Ningal ENT_MES_NINGAL Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Ningal's role continues in Old Babylonian liturgy; Nanna/Sin hymns of the Old Babylonian period consistently name Ningal as his consort and mother of Inanna and Utu SRC_ETCSL reviewed
ENT_MES_NINSUN,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Ninsun ENT_MES_NINSUN Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Ninsun attested in Old Babylonian versions of the Gilgamesh Epic (c. 1800-1600 BCE); cult at Ur documented in the Ur III period SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed
ENT_MES_PAZUZU,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Pazuzu ENT_MES_PAZUZU Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Pazuzu (the demon who opposes Lamashtu) is attested in Old Babylonian incantation texts and amulets; his use as a protective counter-demon against Lamashtu is established in the Old Babylonian period SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed
ENT_MES_SARPANIT,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Sarpanit ENT_MES_SARPANIT Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB A Attested in Old Babylonian literature (Enuma Elish, Atrahasis, the Gilgamesh tradition).   reviewed
ENT_MES_TIAMAT,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Tiamat ENT_MES_TIAMAT Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Tiamat as a named mythological figure is primarily an Old Babylonian and later concept, reaching canonical form in the Enuma Elish (Standard Babylonian period); she may have antecedents in earlier primordial-sea traditions but the named entity is Old Babylonian SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES reviewed
ENT_MES_UTNAPISHTIM,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Utnapishtim ENT_MES_UTNAPISHTIM Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Utnapishtim/Atrahasis flood narrative attested in the Atrahasis Epic (c. 1700 BCE) and the Old Babylonian Gilgamesh texts; Ziusudra version in Sumerian is slightly older SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed
ENT_RLMX_GANZIR,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Ganzir ENT_RLMX_GANZIR Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Ganzir, the gate / threshold (the 'face') of the netherworld Irkalla/Kur, sometimes used as a name for the underworld's entrance through which the dead pass the seven gates. Attested in the Descent of Inanna/Ishtar tradition. SRC_DESCENT_ISHTAR reviewed
ENT_RLMX_IRKALLA,PER_MES_OLD_BAB Irkalla (Kur) ENT_RLMX_IRKALLA Old Babylonian PER_MES_OLD_BAB high Irkalla (Sumerian Kur, the 'land of no return'), the Mesopotamian underworld ruled by Ereshkigal (and Nergal), a dark dust-filled realm where the dead eat clay. Attested in the Descent of Ishtar and the Descent of Inanna. NOTE: distinct from the being Apsu (ENT_MES_APSU); this is the place. SRC_DESCENT_ISHTAR reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);