Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

25 rows where period_id = "PER_PHO_IRON_AGE"

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Suggested facets: confidence, rationale, source_id

Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_LEV_ASTRONOE,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Astronoe ENT_LEV_ASTRONOE Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Sidonian goddess known from Damascius (Life of Isidore): a mountain-mother/huntress who, on the youth Eshmun's self-mutilation, revives and deifies him. Generally read as a hellenized aspect of Astarte tied to the Eshmun healing cult at Sidon. SRC_DDD_BIBLE reviewed
ENT_PHO_ADONIS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Adonis ENT_PHO_ADONIS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_BAALAT_GEBAL,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Baalat Gebal ENT_PHO_BAALAT_GEBAL Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_BAAL_HAMMON,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Baal Hammon ENT_PHO_BAAL_HAMMON Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Baal Hammon is well-attested in Carthaginian inscriptions from the 7th c. BCE onward SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS reviewed
ENT_PHO_BAAL_SAPHON,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Baal-Saphon ENT_PHO_BAAL_SAPHON Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_BAAL_SHAMEM,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Baal-Shamem ENT_PHO_BAAL_SHAMEM Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_CHOUSOR,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Chousor ENT_PHO_CHOUSOR Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Chousor in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.11), craftsman and culture-hero who discovered iron-working, the fishhook, the raft, and incantations; the Hellenized form of Ugaritic/Canaanite Kothar-wa-Khasis (ENT_CAN_KOTHAR). Philo also equates him with Hephaistos. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_ELIOUN,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Elioun (Hypsistos) ENT_PHO_ELIOUN Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Attested in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.15): Elioun called Hypsistos, 'the Most High,' father of Ouranos (Sky) and Ge (Earth); a primordial generation of the theogony. Name reflects Northwest Semitic 'elyon, 'most high.' SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_ELOS_KRONOS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Elos (Kronos) ENT_PHO_ELOS_KRONOS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high In Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.16ff) the chief god Elos is expressly identified with the Greek Kronos (ENT_CRONUS) and corresponds to Northwest Semitic El (ENT_CAN_EL); son of Ouranos and Ge, he castrates and dethrones his father. Represents the Phoenician El within the euhemerized theogony. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_ESHMUN,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Eshmun ENT_PHO_ESHMUN Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Eshmun attested in Phoenician inscriptions from the Iron Age; Eshmunazar II sarcophagus (c. 450 BCE) is a primary attestation SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS reviewed
ENT_PHO_GE,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Ge (Phoenician Earth) ENT_PHO_GE Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Phoenician earth-goddess in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.16-21), named Ge (Greek) by the author; sister and consort of Ouranos, mother of Elos/Kronos and his brothers. Phoenician interpretatio of the Greek Gaia (ENT_GAIA). SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_KABEIROI,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE The Kabeiroi (Dioskouroi) ENT_PHO_KABEIROI Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high In Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.25) the seven sons of Sydyk plus Asclepius are the Kabeiroi, called Dioskouroi or Kabeiroi or Corybantes, who first invented the ship/raft; identified with the Great Gods of the Phoenician seafaring cult. A Phoenician interpretatio of the Greek Cabeiri (ENT_CABEIRI)/Dioscuri (ENT_DIOSCURI). SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_MELQART,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Melqart ENT_PHO_MELQART Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Melqart is the pre-eminent Iron Age Tyrian deity; Herodotus dates the Tyrian temple to c. 2750 BCE (traditional), but inscriptional attestation begins in the Iron Age SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS reviewed
ENT_PHO_MISOR,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Misor ENT_PHO_MISOR Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Misor ('Uprightness,' NW Semitic mysr) in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.13-14), paired with Sydyk; father of Taautos, the inventor of writing. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_OURANOS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Ouranos (Phoenician Sky) ENT_PHO_OURANOS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Phoenician sky-god in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.16-21), given the Greek name Ouranos by the author; son of Elioun and consort of his sister Ge, castrated/dethroned by his son Elos (Kronos). Distinct from the Greek Ouranos (ENT_OURANOS) but explicitly equated by Philo. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_OUSOOS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Ousoos ENT_PHO_OUSOOS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Ousoos in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.9-10), one of the mortal first generations; a hunter who quarreled with his brother Samemroumos/Hypsouranios, first wore animal skins and dared the sea on a log; later deified. Likely an eponym of Usu, the mainland settlement opposite Tyre. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_PANTHEON,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE The Phoenician Pantheon ENT_PHO_PANTHEON Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Collective hub for the Phoenician/Punic civic gods. SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS reviewed
ENT_PHO_PUMAY,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Pumay ENT_PHO_PUMAY Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_SAKON,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Sakon ENT_PHO_SAKON Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_SAMEMROUMOS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Samemroumos (Hypsouranios) ENT_PHO_SAMEMROUMOS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Samemroumos, also called Hypsouranios ('High of Heaven'), in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.9-10); among the mortal first generations, settler of Tyre and inventor of reed/rush dwellings, brother of Ousoos. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_SHADRAPA,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Shadrapa ENT_PHO_SHADRAPA Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_SID,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Sid ENT_PHO_SID Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE A Iron Age Phoenician/Punic deity. SRC_KAI reviewed
ENT_PHO_SYDYK,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Sydyk ENT_PHO_SYDYK Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Sydyk ('Righteousness,' NW Semitic sdq) in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.10.13-14, 1.10.25), paired with Misor; father of the Kabeiroi/Dioskouroi, the discoverers of seafaring. SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_TAAUTOS,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Taautos ENT_PHO_TAAUTOS Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Taautos in Philo of Byblos (Eusebius, Praep. Ev. 1.9.24, 1.10.14), the inventor of writing whom the Egyptians call Thoth (ENT_EGY_THOTH) and the Greeks Hermes; son of Misor. Sanchuniathon's own claimed source. The name renders Egyptian Djehuty (Thoth). SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS reviewed
ENT_PHO_TANIT,PER_PHO_IRON_AGE Tanit ENT_PHO_TANIT Phoenician Iron Age PER_PHO_IRON_AGE high Tanit's earliest attestations are in Carthaginian inscriptions from the 7th-6th c. BCE onward; primarily a Carthaginian figure SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);