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Relationships

2,079 typed, source-backed relationships between entities. Each row records a directed relationship (subject → type → object) with a justifying source and rationale note. See relationship_types for the full controlled vocabulary of 70 relationship types. Key types: reception_of / received_as (transmission across traditions), equated_with (interpretatio graeca / analogues), parent_of (genealogy), member_of (collective membership), emanates_from (Gnostic/Neoplatonic structure).

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

subject_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
relationship_type
{'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
object_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
rationale
{'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
source_id
{'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
period_id
{'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}

32 rows where source_id = "SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION"

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Suggested facets: subject_entity_id, relationship_type, object_entity_id, confidence, period_id

relationship_id ▼ subject_entity_id relationship_type object_entity_id confidence rationale source_id review_status period_id
1518 Astarte ENT_CAN_ASTARTE received_as Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA medium Al-Uzza is the north Arabian continuation of the Semitic love/Venus goddess tradition that runs from Mesopotamian Inanna/Ishtar through Canaanite Astarte. The common elements are: (1) association with the planet Venus as the morning/evening star; (2) love and war function (Al-Uzza is invoked for protection in battle as well as for love); (3) association with sacred trees (Al-Uzza's sanctuary at Nakhla included sacred trees). The Nabataean Al-Uzza is sometimes depicted with the Aphrodite iconography that derives from Astarte. The transmission is most plausible through Phoenician-Arabian contact and the common Semitic religious substrate. Confidence medium: functional and iconographic parallels are strong; direct textual documentation of the Astarte→Al-Uzza transmission is limited. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
1519 Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA reception_of Astarte ENT_CAN_ASTARTE medium Al-Uzza as the north Arabian reception of the Semitic love/Venus goddess tradition flowing from Canaanite Astarte; Venus identification and war/love duality are the shared functional core. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
1521 Athena ENT_ATHENA reception_of Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT medium Athena as the Greek identification for the north Arabian Al-Lat; Palmyrene inscriptions explicitly equate the two; warrior-wisdom function is the primary basis. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1523 Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE reception_of Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA medium Aphrodite as the Greek identification for Al-Uzza via the Venus/morning star tradition; one of several Arabian→Greek connections through Nabataean-Hellenistic contact. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1524 Manat ENT_ARA_MANAT received_as Nemesis ENT_NEMESIS low Manat (from Arabic mana, "to apportion" or "fate") presides over the apportionment of destiny and death; she is associated with the moon and with the inevitable fate that awaits all human beings. Nemesis (Greek goddess of retribution and the apportionment of fortune/fate) shares the function of inevitable, apportioned fate. The Nabataean Manat was identified with Greek fate/retribution deities in the Hellenistic period; at Madain Salih (Hegra) inscriptions attest her alongside Dushara. Confidence low: the functional parallel is reasonable but no explicit ancient identification of Manat with Nemesis (as opposed to Tyche or another fate deity) is documented in surviving texts. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1525 Nemesis ENT_NEMESIS reception_of Manat ENT_ARA_MANAT low Nemesis as a possible Greek identification for the Arabian fate-goddess Manat; both preside over inevitable destiny and death. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1527 Dionysus ENT_DIONYSUS reception_of Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA medium Dionysus as the Greek identification for the Nabataean Dushara; Epiphanius (Panarion 51.22) makes the identification explicit; wine-vine association and mountain cult are the functional basis. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
2398 Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA aligned_with Zeus ENT_ZEUS medium Dushara was identified by Greek and Roman authors with both Dionysus (his primary Greek equation, reflected in the existing received_as relationship) and Zeus/Jupiter as the supreme deity of the Arabs. Epiphanius of Salamis (Panarion 51.22, c. 375 CE) refers to the cult of "Dusares" as the "lord of all" in terms parallel to Zeus. Nabataean bilingual inscriptions from the Hauran and from Puteoli (Italy, where a Nabataean merchant community established a Dushara temple) sometimes render his epithet in terms that parallel Zeus's sovereignty function. The dual Dionysus/Zeus identification reflects Dushara's complex divine profile — he was both a vegetation/wine deity (Dionysus aspect) and a sky/supreme deity (Zeus aspect), consistent with a chief deity who combines cosmic sovereignty with chthonic fertility power. Confidence medium: the Zeus alignment is secondary to the Dionysus equation in most ancient sources, and reflects interpretive variation rather than a single explicit primary-text equation. Healey (2001) pp. 95-100. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
4286 Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Dushara is the supreme dynastic god of the Nabataeans, attested at Petra, Bostra and Hegra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4287 Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Allat is a leading Nabataean goddess, attested at Iram and across the Hawran. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4288 Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Al-Uzza is the principal goddess at Petra (Temple of the Winged Lions). John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4289 Manat ENT_ARA_MANAT member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Manat, as Manotu, is invoked in Nabataean tomb inscriptions at Hegra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4290 Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON medium Hubal is named with Dushara and Manotu in the Hegra tomb-curse inscriptions. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4291 Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA equated_with Dionysus ENT_DIONYSUS high Greek/Roman sources identify Dushara with Dionysus (interpretatio graeca). John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4293 Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT equated_with Athena ENT_ATHENA high Allat is identified with armed Athena at Palmyra and Petra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4294 Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA equated_with Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE high Al-Uzza is equated with Aphrodite in Greek identifications. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4295 Shai al-Qaum ENT_NAB_SHAI_AL_QAUM member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Nabataean tutelary god attested in dedications at Palmyra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4296 Shai al-Qaum ENT_NAB_SHAI_AL_QAUM presides_over Protection ENT_PROTECTION high Protector of the qaum (people/caravan) and of warriors. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4297 Shai al-Qaum ENT_NAB_SHAI_AL_QAUM guardian_of Wealth ENT_WEALTH medium As caravan god he guards the trading companies underpinning Nabataean commerce. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4298 Aʿra ENT_NAB_ARA member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Aʿra is the tutelary god of Bostra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4299 Aʿra ENT_NAB_ARA aligned_with Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA high Aʿra is closely identified with Dushara, titled the god 'in Bostra'. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4300 Aʿra ENT_NAB_ARA presides_over Sovereignty ENT_SOVEREIGNTY medium City-god of the Nabataean royal seat at Bostra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4301 al-Kutbaʾ ENT_NAB_AL_KUTBA member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Attested at Petra, Hegra and Sinai. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4303 al-Kutbaʾ ENT_NAB_AL_KUTBA aligned_with Hermes ENT_HERMES high Nabataean scribe-and-commerce god, counterpart of Hermes/Nabu. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4304 Manotu ENT_NAB_MANOTU member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Invoked in the Hegra tomb inscriptions. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4305 Manotu ENT_NAB_MANOTU aligned_with Manat ENT_ARA_MANAT high The Hegran cult-form of the Arabian fate-goddess Manat. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4306 Manotu ENT_NAB_MANOTU presides_over Death ENT_DEATH high Fate-and-death goddess invoked to protect tombs and curse violators at Hegra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4307 Manotu ENT_NAB_MANOTU presides_over Fortune ENT_FORTUNE medium As Manat 'the apportioner' she governs allotted fate. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4308 al-ʿUzza of Petra ENT_NAB_AL_UZZA_PETRA member_of The Nabataean Pantheon ENT_NAB_PANTHEON high Chief goddess of Petra. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4309 al-ʿUzza of Petra ENT_NAB_AL_UZZA_PETRA aligned_with Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA high Local Petra cult-form of the Arabian goddess al-Uzza. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4457 al-Kutbaʾ ENT_NAB_AL_KUTBA presides_over Writing ENT_WRITING high al-Kutbaʾ (root k-t-b "to write") is the Nabataean god of writing and scribes/records. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  
4458 al-ʿUzza of Petra ENT_NAB_AL_UZZA_PETRA embodies Venus ENT_VENUS high al-ʿUzza is the Venus/morning-star goddess of the Nabataeans, identified with Aphrodite. John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION reviewed  

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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
   [relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
   [subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
   [object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);
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