✦ DeityDB
Browse Graph Connections Timeline Lineages Path Map Queries About Collaborate API GitHub ↗

Relationships

2,079 typed, source-backed relationships between entities. Each row records a directed relationship (subject → type → object) with a justifying source and rationale note. See relationship_types for the full controlled vocabulary of 70 relationship types. Key types: reception_of / received_as (transmission across traditions), equated_with (interpretatio graeca / analogues), parent_of (genealogy), member_of (collective membership), emanates_from (Gnostic/Neoplatonic structure).

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

subject_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
relationship_type
{'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
object_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
rationale
{'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
source_id
{'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
period_id
{'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}

38 rows where source_id = "SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA"

✎ View and edit SQL

This data as json, CSV (advanced)

Suggested facets: subject_entity_id, relationship_type, object_entity_id, confidence

relationship_id ▼ subject_entity_id relationship_type object_entity_id confidence rationale source_id review_status period_id
1541 Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH received_as Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL low The South Arabian lunar-deity-as-chief-deity pattern (exemplified by Almaqah as the patron of the Sabaean kingdom) is the older religious substrate for the pre-Islamic north Arabian lunar deity worship that Hubal represents at Mecca. The transmission pathway from South Arabian to North Arabian religion operated through incense trade routes and population movements; the same general religious grammar (lunar deity as patron of the tribe/city, with Venus and sun as secondary deities) characterizes both South and pre-Islamic North Arabian religion. Confidence low: this is a broad cultural transmission rather than a specific documented lineage from Almaqah to Hubal. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
1542 Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL reception_of Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH low Hubal as a possible North Arabian reception of the South Arabian lunar-patron-deity pattern; the general grammar of lunar deity supremacy transmitted through incense trade routes. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
1543 Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR received_as Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA low The South Arabian masculine Venus deity (Athtar) and the North Arabian feminine Venus deity (Al-Uzza, "the most mighty") are both Venus deities within the Arabian religious world. The incense trade routes connecting South Arabia to the Hijaz and the Levant provided the vector for religious exchange; the feminization of the Venus deity in the North Arabian tradition (mirroring the general Levantine pattern of a feminine Venus) likely reflects the stronger influence of Phoenician/Canaanite religion on North Arabia. Confidence low: both are Venus deities in the same broad Semitic religious tradition, but the gender difference makes a direct transmission chain less certain than a parallel development from the common Semitic ʿAttar- root. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
1544 Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA reception_of Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR low Al-Uzza as the North Arabian reception of the Venus deity tradition from the broader Semitic world including South Arabian Athtar; feminized form of the masculine South Arabian Venus deity. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC
4311 Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS high Idol stationed at the Kaʿba/al-Safa per Ibn al-Kalbi. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4312 Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS high Idol stationed at the Kaʿba/al-Marwa per Ibn al-Kalbi. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4313 Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF paired_with Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA high Isaf and Naʾila are the petrified couple named together in the tradition. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4314 Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF guardian_of Protection ENT_PROTECTION low Stationed as guardian-idols of the sanctuary precinct. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4315 Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS medium Meccan deity attested via theophoric ʿAbd Manaf. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4316 Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF presides_over Sovereignty ENT_SOVEREIGNTY low His name ('the lofty') connotes elevated tribal status. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4317 Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS high Major Arabian sanctuary-idol ('the Yemeni Kaʿba') per Ibn al-Kalbi. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4318 Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA presides_over Fortune ENT_FORTUNE medium Oracular betyl consulted by divinatory arrows. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4319 Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS medium Widely attested Arabian deity grouped among the pre-Islamic gods. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4320 Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA presides_over Venus ENT_VENUS medium North Arabian astral deity associated with Venus, attested in Thamudic-Safaitic and Assyrian (Ruldaiu) sources. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4321 Nuhm ENT_ARAB_NUHM member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS medium Tribal deity of Muzayna, attested via ʿAbd Nuhm. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4322 al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS high Sanctuary-idol of Tayyiʾ on Jabal Aja per Ibn al-Kalbi. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4323 al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS guardian_of Protection ENT_PROTECTION medium His sanctuary functioned as a recognised place of asylum. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4324 Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS high Rock-idol of Banu Milkan receiving blood offerings per Ibn al-Kalbi. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4325 Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD presides_over Fortune ENT_FORTUNE medium His name Saʿd means 'good fortune/luck'. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4326 Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH member_of The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS medium Deity of the Muzdalifa hill rites near Mecca. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4327 Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH presides_over Storm ENT_STORM high Storm/rainbow deity; qaws Quzaḥ ('Quzaḥ's bow' = rainbow) preserves his domain. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4336 Anbay ENT_SAB_ANBAY presides_over Justice ENT_JUSTICE medium Qatabanian law and oracle god issuing decrees with Ḥawkam. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4337 Anbay ENT_SAB_ANBAY presides_over Prophecy ENT_PROPHECY medium Anbay functioned as an oracular deity in Qataban. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4338 Sayin ENT_SAB_SAYIN embodies Sun ENT_SUN medium National god of Hadramawt understood as a solar patron. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4339 Sayin ENT_SAB_SAYIN presides_over Sovereignty ENT_SOVEREIGNTY high Sayin is the national patron of Hadramite kingship. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4342 Taʾlab Riyam ENT_SAB_TALAB presides_over Protection ENT_PROTECTION high Tutelary protector of the Banu Sumʿay tribe at Riyam. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4343 Taʾlab Riyam ENT_SAB_TALAB embodies Moon ENT_MOON low Often classed among the lunar/national gods of the Sabaean sphere. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4344 Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS paired_with Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH medium Hawbas is regularly invoked alongside Almaqah in the Awwam cult. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4345 Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS presides_over Fertility ENT_FERTILITY low Associated with fertility dedications in the Almaqah cult. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4346 Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM embodies Sun ENT_SUN medium Solar 'Lady', a hypostasis of the sun-goddess Shams. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4347 Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM aligned_with Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS medium Dhat-Himyam is a solar hypostasis of Shams. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4348 Dhāt-Baʿdan ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN embodies Sun ENT_SUN medium Second solar 'Lady' of the Sabaean pantheon. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4349 Dhāt-Baʿdan ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN paired_with Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM medium The two solar Ladies are invoked as a pair. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4350 Dhāt-Ẓahrān ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN embodies Sun ENT_SUN low Solar 'Lady' epithet of the South-Arabian sun-goddess. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4351 Dhāt-Ẓahrān ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN aligned_with Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS low A localized hypostasis of Shams. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4352 Basamum ENT_SAB_BASAMUM presides_over Healing ENT_HEALING medium South-Arabian healing god named in votive cure-texts. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4369 Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS member_of The Pre-Christian Aksumite Pantheon ENT_AKS_PANTHEON medium Hawbas is attested among the South-Arabian gods of the Dʿmt cult. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  
4370 Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM member_of The Pre-Christian Aksumite Pantheon ENT_AKS_PANTHEON medium Dhat-Himyam was worshipped in Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA reviewed  

Advanced export

JSON shape: default, array, newline-delimited, object

CSV options:

CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
   [relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
   [subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
   [object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);
Powered by Datasette · Queries took 2715.247ms · Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb