Relationships
Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb
- subject_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
- relationship_type
- {'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
- object_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
- confidence
- {'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
- rationale
- {'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
- source_id
- {'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
- period_id
- {'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}
38 rows where source_id = "SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA"
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Suggested facets: subject_entity_id, relationship_type, object_entity_id, confidence
| relationship_id ▼ | subject_entity_id | relationship_type | object_entity_id | confidence | rationale | source_id | review_status | period_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1541 | Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH | received_as | Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL | low | The South Arabian lunar-deity-as-chief-deity pattern (exemplified by Almaqah as the patron of the Sabaean kingdom) is the older religious substrate for the pre-Islamic north Arabian lunar deity worship that Hubal represents at Mecca. The transmission pathway from South Arabian to North Arabian religion operated through incense trade routes and population movements; the same general religious grammar (lunar deity as patron of the tribe/city, with Venus and sun as secondary deities) characterizes both South and pre-Islamic North Arabian religion. Confidence low: this is a broad cultural transmission rather than a specific documented lineage from Almaqah to Hubal. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC |
| 1542 | Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL | reception_of | Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH | low | Hubal as a possible North Arabian reception of the South Arabian lunar-patron-deity pattern; the general grammar of lunar deity supremacy transmitted through incense trade routes. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC |
| 1543 | Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR | received_as | Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA | low | The South Arabian masculine Venus deity (Athtar) and the North Arabian feminine Venus deity (Al-Uzza, "the most mighty") are both Venus deities within the Arabian religious world. The incense trade routes connecting South Arabia to the Hijaz and the Levant provided the vector for religious exchange; the feminization of the Venus deity in the North Arabian tradition (mirroring the general Levantine pattern of a feminine Venus) likely reflects the stronger influence of Phoenician/Canaanite religion on North Arabia. Confidence low: both are Venus deities in the same broad Semitic religious tradition, but the gender difference makes a direct transmission chain less certain than a parallel development from the common Semitic ʿAttar- root. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC |
| 1544 | Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA | reception_of | Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR | low | Al-Uzza as the North Arabian reception of the Venus deity tradition from the broader Semitic world including South Arabian Athtar; feminized form of the masculine South Arabian Venus deity. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | Pre-Islamic Arabia (Jahiliyyah) PER_ARA_PRE_ISLAMIC |
| 4311 | Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | high | Idol stationed at the Kaʿba/al-Safa per Ibn al-Kalbi. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4312 | Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | high | Idol stationed at the Kaʿba/al-Marwa per Ibn al-Kalbi. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4313 | Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF | paired_with | Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA | high | Isaf and Naʾila are the petrified couple named together in the tradition. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4314 | Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF | guardian_of | Protection ENT_PROTECTION | low | Stationed as guardian-idols of the sanctuary precinct. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4315 | Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | medium | Meccan deity attested via theophoric ʿAbd Manaf. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4316 | Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF | presides_over | Sovereignty ENT_SOVEREIGNTY | low | His name ('the lofty') connotes elevated tribal status. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4317 | Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | high | Major Arabian sanctuary-idol ('the Yemeni Kaʿba') per Ibn al-Kalbi. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4318 | Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA | presides_over | Fortune ENT_FORTUNE | medium | Oracular betyl consulted by divinatory arrows. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4319 | Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | medium | Widely attested Arabian deity grouped among the pre-Islamic gods. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4320 | Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA | presides_over | Venus ENT_VENUS | medium | North Arabian astral deity associated with Venus, attested in Thamudic-Safaitic and Assyrian (Ruldaiu) sources. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4321 | Nuhm ENT_ARAB_NUHM | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | medium | Tribal deity of Muzayna, attested via ʿAbd Nuhm. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4322 | al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | high | Sanctuary-idol of Tayyiʾ on Jabal Aja per Ibn al-Kalbi. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4323 | al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS | guardian_of | Protection ENT_PROTECTION | medium | His sanctuary functioned as a recognised place of asylum. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4324 | Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | high | Rock-idol of Banu Milkan receiving blood offerings per Ibn al-Kalbi. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4325 | Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD | presides_over | Fortune ENT_FORTUNE | medium | His name Saʿd means 'good fortune/luck'. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4326 | Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH | member_of | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | medium | Deity of the Muzdalifa hill rites near Mecca. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4327 | Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH | presides_over | Storm ENT_STORM | high | Storm/rainbow deity; qaws Quzaḥ ('Quzaḥ's bow' = rainbow) preserves his domain. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4336 | Anbay ENT_SAB_ANBAY | presides_over | Justice ENT_JUSTICE | medium | Qatabanian law and oracle god issuing decrees with Ḥawkam. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4337 | Anbay ENT_SAB_ANBAY | presides_over | Prophecy ENT_PROPHECY | medium | Anbay functioned as an oracular deity in Qataban. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4338 | Sayin ENT_SAB_SAYIN | embodies | Sun ENT_SUN | medium | National god of Hadramawt understood as a solar patron. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4339 | Sayin ENT_SAB_SAYIN | presides_over | Sovereignty ENT_SOVEREIGNTY | high | Sayin is the national patron of Hadramite kingship. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4342 | Taʾlab Riyam ENT_SAB_TALAB | presides_over | Protection ENT_PROTECTION | high | Tutelary protector of the Banu Sumʿay tribe at Riyam. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4343 | Taʾlab Riyam ENT_SAB_TALAB | embodies | Moon ENT_MOON | low | Often classed among the lunar/national gods of the Sabaean sphere. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4344 | Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS | paired_with | Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH | medium | Hawbas is regularly invoked alongside Almaqah in the Awwam cult. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4345 | Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS | presides_over | Fertility ENT_FERTILITY | low | Associated with fertility dedications in the Almaqah cult. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4346 | Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM | embodies | Sun ENT_SUN | medium | Solar 'Lady', a hypostasis of the sun-goddess Shams. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4347 | Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM | aligned_with | Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS | medium | Dhat-Himyam is a solar hypostasis of Shams. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4348 | Dhāt-Baʿdan ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN | embodies | Sun ENT_SUN | medium | Second solar 'Lady' of the Sabaean pantheon. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4349 | Dhāt-Baʿdan ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN | paired_with | Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM | medium | The two solar Ladies are invoked as a pair. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4350 | Dhāt-Ẓahrān ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN | embodies | Sun ENT_SUN | low | Solar 'Lady' epithet of the South-Arabian sun-goddess. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4351 | Dhāt-Ẓahrān ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN | aligned_with | Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS | low | A localized hypostasis of Shams. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4352 | Basamum ENT_SAB_BASAMUM | presides_over | Healing ENT_HEALING | medium | South-Arabian healing god named in votive cure-texts. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4369 | Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS | member_of | The Pre-Christian Aksumite Pantheon ENT_AKS_PANTHEON | medium | Hawbas is attested among the South-Arabian gods of the Dʿmt cult. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed | |
| 4370 | Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM | member_of | The Pre-Christian Aksumite Pantheon ENT_AKS_PANTHEON | medium | Dhat-Himyam was worshipped in Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | reviewed |
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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
[relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
[subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
[relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
[object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
[confidence] TEXT,
[rationale] TEXT,
[source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
[review_status] TEXT,
[period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);