entity_id,source_id,evidence_type,source_note
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_BEARD_ROMAN_RELIGIONS,scholarly attestation,"Attested in Beard, North, Price, Religions of Rome."
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_CICERO_DE_NATURA,direct attestation,DND 3.39 (Penates as a category; Cotta's critique). Attests theological classification of the Penates.
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_LIVY_AUC,direct attestation,Penates of Lavinium appear as the Trojan sacred objects brought to Italy; AUC 1.14.2; 5.52.8-10 (Camillus speech: Rome cannot abandon its Penates). State Penates at Lavinium as objects of annual Latin League ceremony.
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_OVID_FASTI,direct attestation,Fasti 6.454: Vesta and the Penates are explicitly linked; Ovid treats the Penates as the guardian deities of the Roman state's inner sanctuary (the Atrium Vestae) as well as household gods brought from Troy by Aeneas; primary literary source for their cult
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_ROMAN_OCD,scholarly attestation,"Attested in Oxford Classical Dictionary, Roman Religion entries."
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_VARRO_ANTIQ,direct attestation,Varro identifies the Penates with the di selecti (principal gods) rather than the Trojan household gods; City of God 7.5.
ENT_ROM_PENATES,SRC_VIRGIL_AENEID,direct attestation,The Penates appear in Aeneid 2.293-295 (Hector's ghost tells Aeneas to take the Penates); 2.717 (Aeneas carries them from Troy); 3.148-171 (the Penates appear to Aeneas in a dream to direct him to Italy). The Aeneid is the primary source for the Trojan origin of the Roman Penates.