entity_id,source_id,evidence_type,source_note
ENT_MES_ADAD_ISHKUR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Adad the storm deity is listed among the great Anunnaki who decree the flood; Adad hymns in Foster document his role as the storm deity who brings rain and thunder; his Akkadian name Adad distinguishes him from the Sumerian Ishkur
ENT_MES_APSU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,Enuma Elish Tablet I (Foster pp. 436-441): Apsu the primordial freshwater ocean is killed by Ea/Enki in the first divine conflict; Ea builds his temple over Apsu's body; the primary Akkadian text for Apsu as a named deity distinct from the Sumerian Abzu
ENT_MES_ASHUR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,The Assyrian version of the Enuma Elish substitutes Ashur for Marduk as the victorious deity (an Assyrian theological adaptation); Foster documents this Assyrian version; also Assyrian royal hymns to Ashur document his role as the national deity of Assyria
ENT_MES_ENKI_EA,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Ea/Enki warns Atrahasis about the flood against the decision of the divine assembly; Enuma Elish (Foster pp. 436-486): Ea kills Apsu and establishes himself in the Abzu; the Adapa myth (Foster pp. 528-535): Ea counsels Adapa; primary Akkadian attestations for Ea as the clever intermediary deity
ENT_MES_ENLIL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,scholarly attestation,Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Enlil decrees the flood to destroy humanity; the noise of humanity disturbs his sleep; the primary Akkadian text for Enlil's role as the divine authority who demands humanity's destruction (in contrast to Ea who saves them)
ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,Descent of Ishtar (Akkadian; Foster pp. 498-505): the Akkadian version of the Inanna/Ishtar descent; Ereshkigal rules the underworld and has Ishtar killed at each gate; Nergal and Ereshkigal (Foster pp. 506-524): the fullest ancient account of Ereshkigal's character and her troubled union with Nergal
ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Descent of Ishtar (Akkadian; Foster pp. 498-505): the Akkadian version of the descent to the underworld; Ishtar stripped of her divine attributes at seven gates; Ishtar Hymns (Foster pp. 570-589): major hymns to Ishtar documenting her character as goddess of love, war, and Venus"
ENT_MES_KINGU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Enuma Elish Tablets II-VI (Foster pp. 450-475): Kingu is appointed Tiamat's champion and given the Tablet of Destinies; after Marduk's victory, Kingu is killed and his blood used to create humanity; the primary Akkadian text for Kingu"
ENT_MES_LAMASHTU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Lamashtu incantation texts (Foster pp. 838-853): the most detailed ancient documentation of Lamashtu as a threatening demoness; the texts describe her physical appearance, her threats to pregnant women and newborns, and the rituals (especially Pazuzu amulets) used to repel her"
ENT_MES_MARDUK,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Enuma Elish (Epic of Creation; Foster pp. 436-486): Marduk defeats Tiamat, creates the cosmos from her body, and is acclaimed king of the gods; the primary Akkadian text for Marduk's mythology and his elevation to chief deity of the Babylonian pantheon; also Erra and Ishum (Foster pp. 900-934) where Marduk temporarily vacates his role"
ENT_MES_NABU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Enuma Elish Tablet VII (Foster pp. 477-486): Marduk grants Nabu the tablet stylus; hymns to Nabu in Foster document his role as god of writing and scribal arts, son of Marduk, patron of Borsippa; the primary Akkadian literary documentation of Nabu's divine functions"
ENT_MES_NERGAL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,"Nergal and Ereshkigal (Foster pp. 506-524): the most important Akkadian text for Nergal; he descends to the underworld, has his head seized by Ereshkigal's throne-attendant Namtar, eventually seizes Ereshkigal herself, and becomes her consort as king of the underworld; Erra and Ishum (Foster pp. 900-934) is the other major Nergal/Erra text"
ENT_MES_TIAMAT,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation,Enuma Elish Tablets I-IV (Foster pp. 436-460): Tiamat the primordial saltwater goddess leads the divine rebellion; her body is split by Marduk to create heaven and earth; the primary Akkadian text for Tiamat as a named mythological entity