entity_id,source_id,evidence_type,source_note
ENT_ACHELOOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Acheloos (Achelous) is named in Iliad XXIV.616 (in Niobe's story) and called upon as a river oath deity; he is invoked alongside the river gods in the formal oath formula; Iliad XXIV.616; also Odyssey references to the river's power
ENT_ACHERON,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Odyssey 10.513: the underworld river into which Cocytus and Pyriphlegethon flow.
ENT_ACHILLES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Achilles is the central hero of the Iliad; his rage (mēnis) is the poem's first word and its subject; he is the son of Peleus and the Nereid Thetis; his divine parentage, his heel, his armor, his friendship with Patroclus, and his death at Paris's hands (aided by Apollo) are all Homeric; Iliad I-XXIV"
ENT_ACTAEA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.41 Nereid catalog assembled to mourn with Thetis
ENT_AEACUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Aeacus is named in the Iliad as the father of Peleus and grandfather of Achilles (Iliad XXI.189); he is mentioned as a son of Zeus and the nymph Aegina; his role as underworld judge postdates Homer
ENT_AENEAS_GREEK_RECEPTION,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,A protagonist of the Homeric epics.
ENT_AEOLUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Aeolus (Keeper of the Winds) has a major Odyssey episode (Book X.1-79): Odysseus visits his floating island, receives a bag containing all the winds; the crew opens it, releasing the winds and blowing them back to Aeolus who refuses further help; Odyssey X.1-79"
ENT_AESEPUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Named among the rivers of the Troad and the wider Iliad (e.g. Il. 12.20-22, 21)."
ENT_AETHER,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Aether (the bright upper air of the gods) is distinguished from the dark aer (lower air) in Homer; Zeus dwells in the aether; Iliad II.412, XIV.288; the gods breathe aether rather than air"
ENT_AJAX,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ajax (Aias the Greater) is the second-greatest Greek warrior after Achilles; he fights Hector to a draw (Iliad VII), defends the ships (Iliad XII-XVI), and is prominent in the funeral games; Iliad VII, XI-XII, XV-XVII, XXIII"
ENT_ALKE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad 5.738-742 (Alke/Prowess and Ioke/Onrush worked upon Athena's aegis, with Phobos, Eris, and the Gorgon)."
ENT_AMPHITRITE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Amphitrite is named in the Odyssey as the consort of Poseidon and the personified sea (Od. III.91: ""the deep of Amphitrite""); Od. XII.60 (the ship must sail past Amphitrite); she is not a major narrative character in Homer but establishes her role as sea-queen"
ENT_ANEMOI,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"The Anemoi (wind gods collectively) are named throughout both epics; the four winds (Boreas, Zephyrus, Notus, Eurus) are established in the Homeric corpus as the canonical set"
ENT_APHRODITE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Aphrodite rescues Paris from Menelaus (Iliad III.380-420); is wounded by Diomedes (Iliad V.330-430); her mother here is Dione (Il. V.370) rather than the sea-foam tradition; Iliad III, V, XIX"
ENT_APOLLO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Apollo sends the plague that opens the Iliad (I.8-53); he is the divine protector of Troy; he kills Achilles with Paris as his instrument (implied Il. XXII); Iliad I, IV, V, VII, XV-XVI, XXII, XXIV"
ENT_ARES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ares fights for Troy and is wounded by Diomedes with Athena's help (Iliad V.825-906); he is portrayed as the god of war-madness, distinguished from Athena's strategic warfare; Iliad V, XIII, XV"
ENT_ARTEMIS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Artemis favors Troy; she is struck and humiliated by Hera in the Battle of the Gods (Iliad XXI.470-496); she is the twin of Apollo; Iliad VI, IX, XXI"
ENT_ASCLEPIUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Asclepius is named in Iliad II.729-733 as the father of the two healers Machaon and Podalirius, who command men from Tricca; he is called ""the blameless physician""; this is the primary Homeric attestation of Asclepius, before his later development into a healer god"
ENT_ASCLEPIUS_HERO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Asclepius Hero (the mortal physician who became a healing cult figure): see ENT_ASCLEPIUS; Iliad II.729-733
ENT_AT,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Atë (variant of Ate/Delusion); see ENT_ATE; named in Iliad IX and XIX
ENT_ATE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ate (Delusion/Ruin) has a key narrative in Iliad XIX.91-131: Zeus tells the story of how Ate blinded his mind regarding the birth of Heracles and how he hurled her from Olympus; the Litae (Prayers) are described as following behind Ate in Iliad IX.502-512; Iliad IX.502, XIX.91"
ENT_ATHENA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Athena is the most active Olympian in both epics: she inspires Achilles (Iliad I), fights beside Diomedes (Iliad V), guides Odysseus throughout the Odyssey; Iliad I, V, VI, XV, XVIII-XXII; Odyssey I, III, XIII-XXIV"
ENT_ATLAS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Atlas is named in the Odyssey V.52-54 as the father of Calypso: ""his daughter, the nymph Calypso whose father is destructive Atlas who knows the depths of the whole sea"" — this is the earliest Greek attestation of Atlas as Calypso's father"
ENT_AXIUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Named among the rivers of the Troad and the wider Iliad (e.g. Il. 12.20-22, 21)."
ENT_BELLEROPHON,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Bellerophon appears in Iliad VI.155-202 in Glaucus's account of his lineage; this is the primary Homeric source for the Bellerophon myth: sent to Lycia with a letter requesting his death, he performed trials including killing the Chimera; Iliad VI"
ENT_BOREAS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Boreas (North Wind) is called upon to blow on the funeral pyre of Patroclus (Iliad XXIII.194-230: Achilles prays to Boreas and Zephyrus to come and kindle the pyre); he also appears in Odyssey passages; Iliad XXIII
ENT_CADMUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Cadmus is named in Odyssey V.333 (Ino ""of the slim ankles, once a mortal, now Leucothea, who was the daughter of Kadmos""); this is the Homeric attestation of Cadmus as the ancestor of Ino-Leucothea"
ENT_CAICUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Named among the rivers of the Troad and the wider Iliad (e.g. Il. 12.20-22, 21)."
ENT_CALCHAS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Iliad 1.68-72: ""far the best of bird-diviners,"" seer of the Achaeans."
ENT_CALYPSO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Calypso (daughter of Atlas) has a major narrative role in the Odyssey: she keeps Odysseus on her island Ogygia for seven years; the poem opens with Hermes being sent to order her to release him (Odyssey I.14-15, V.1-281); she is the daughter of Atlas (Od. I.52-54)"
ENT_CASTOR,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Castor is named in Iliad III.236-244 (the Teichoscopia: Helen looks for her brothers Castor and Polydeuces on the battlefield but notes they are not visible, not knowing they are already dead in Sparta); Odyssey XI.300-304 (they alternate life and death each day)"
ENT_CERBERUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Cerberus is named in the Odyssey XI.623 (Heracles' eleventh labor: bringing up the hound of Hades) and Iliad VIII.368; the multi-headed nature is not specified in Homer but his role as Hades' hound is established here
ENT_CHARYBDIS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Odyssey 12.101-110: the thrice-daily whirlpool beneath the fig tree.
ENT_COCYTUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Odyssey 10.513-514: the river of wailing, a branch of the Styx."
ENT_CRONUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Kronos/Cronus is named throughout as Zeus's father and the deposed king of the gods; Zeus is consistently called ""son of Kronos"" (Kronion); Kronos is imprisoned in Tartarus; Iliad I.503, VIII.13, XIV.203, etc.; throughout both epics"
ENT_CURETES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad 9.529ff: the Aetolian Kouretes who besieged Calydon."
ENT_CYMODOCE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.39 Nereid catalog; also Il. XVIII.65
ENT_CYMOTHOE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.41 Nereid catalog
ENT_DEIMOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Deimos (Terror/Dread) accompanies Ares into battle; Iliad IV.440: ""Ares and Athena, Deimos and Phobos and Eris"" are listed together as the war spirits; Iliad XIII.299"
ENT_DEMETER,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Demeter is mentioned in the Iliad as the golden-haired grain goddess (Il. II.696, V.500, XIII.322, XXI.76); her union with Iasion in Crete is narrated in the Odyssey (Od. V.125); she does not play a narrative role in either epic"
ENT_DIOMEDES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Diomedes is the hero of Iliad V-VI (the aristeia of Diomedes), in which he wounds both Ares and Aphrodite with Athena's help; he is one of the most prominent Greek warriors; Iliad V-VI, X (spy mission with Odysseus)"
ENT_DIONE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Dione appears in Iliad V.370-430 as Aphrodite's mother: after Diomedes wounds Aphrodite, she flies to Olympus and is comforted by Dione; this is the only major appearance of Dione as Aphrodite's mother (contrasting with the sea-foam Hesiodic tradition); Iliad V.370"
ENT_DIONYSUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Dionysus is mentioned in the Iliad (VI.130-140: the Lycurgus story, where Dionysus flees in terror and Thetis protects him; XIV.325: in the catalogue of Zeus's loves); he does not play a major narrative role but his Homeric attestation is important evidence for his early presence in the Greek pantheon"
ENT_DOTO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.43 Nereid catalog
ENT_DYNAMENE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.43 Nereid catalog
ENT_ENYO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Enyo (goddess of war/havoc) is named alongside Ares and Eris in the battle catalog (Iliad V.333: ""Enyo, sacker of cities""); Iliad IV.440, V.333"
ENT_EOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Eos (Dawn) appears at the opening of many books of both epics; she is the mother of Memnon (Iliad implied) and Tithonus; she transports her son's body from Troy (Odyssey V.1); she abducts Orion and Cleitos; throughout both epics
ENT_EREBUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Erebus (the deep darkness) is named in the Odyssey as the deep darkness of the underworld through which the dead travel; Odysseus sacrifices at the entrance to Erebus (Od. XI.37)
ENT_ERIS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Eris (Strife) is named alongside Ares, Enyo, and the Ker as a war deity who delights in battle (Iliad IV.440-445; V.518-521); she is described as the sister of Ares and appears on the battlefield; the tradition of Eris throwing the golden apple (cause of the Trojan War) is post-Homeric but her presence in the Iliad is primary"
ENT_EUARNE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.42 Nereid catalog (Euarne / Euagore)
ENT_EUDORA_NEREID,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad 18.39-49 (the Nereids who attend Thetis in her mourning)."
ENT_EURUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Eurus (East Wind) is named in Odyssey V.295 among the four winds that batter Odysseus's raft; Iliad II.145; Odyssey V.295, XII.289, XIX.206"
ENT_GAIA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Gaia (Gē / Earth) is named in oath formulas (Iliad III.104, XIX.259; Odyssey V.184) and as the origin of the gods; she is called upon alongside Helios and the river gods in formal oaths"
ENT_GALATEA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.45 Nereid catalog (Galateia)
ENT_GANYMEDE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ganymede is named in Iliad XX.231-235 as the most beautiful of mortal men, taken by the gods to serve as Zeus's cupbearer among the immortals; his horses are later given to his father Tros as compensation; Iliad XX"
ENT_GLAUCE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.39 Nereid catalog (Glauke)
ENT_GRANICUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Named among the rivers of the Troad and the wider Iliad (e.g. Il. 12.20-22, 21)."
ENT_GRR_ASPHODEL,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,primary text attestation,attestation
ENT_HADES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hades (called Aïdēs or Aïdoneus) is named as the lord of the dead who received his dominion when the cosmos was divided by lot (Iliad XV.187-193); the Odyssey Book XI (Nekyia) is the primary epic account of the underworld; Homer's Hades is a realm of shadows, not torture"
ENT_HECTOR,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hector is the greatest Trojan warrior and the most sympathetically portrayed figure in the Iliad; his death at Achilles' hands and the ransom of his body form the climax of the poem; Iliad VI, VII, XII-XIII, XV-XVII, XXII, XXIV"
ENT_HELEN,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Helen is the cause of the Trojan War; she is a complex figure in the Iliad (Iliad III: the Teichoscopia, where she identifies the Greek heroes; her conversation with Aphrodite after Paris's defeat) and Odyssey IV (living harmoniously with Menelaus); Iliad III, VI; Odyssey IV"
ENT_HELIOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Helios (the Sun) drives his chariot across the sky; his sacred cattle on Thrinakia are central to Odyssey XII (the men's fatal transgression); he is called upon in oath formulas alongside Gaia and rivers (Iliad III.104)
ENT_HEPHAESTUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hephaestus forges the armor of Achilles at Thetis's request (Iliad XVIII.468-617); he quenches the river Scamander with fire (Iliad XXI.342-382); his limp and his forging domain are foundational here; Iliad I, XVIII, XXI"
ENT_HERA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hera actively favors the Greeks; she deceives Zeus in the Deception of Zeus episode (Iliad XIV); opposes Troy passionately throughout; Iliad I, III-V, XIV-XV, XVIII, XXIV"
ENT_HERACLES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Heracles is mentioned extensively in both epics as the greatest Greek hero; Iliad V.638-643 (sack of Troy), VIII.362-369 (his labors including Cerberus), XV.18-30 (his suffering at Hera's hands); Odyssey XI.601-626 (Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld); throughout both epics"
ENT_HERMES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hermes escorts Priam through the Greek camp to ransom Hector's body (Iliad XXIV); in the Odyssey he delivers Zeus's commands to Calypso (Od. V) and escorts the dead suitors to Hades (Od. XXIV); Iliad XXIV; Odyssey V, X, XXIV"
ENT_HESTIA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hestia is mentioned in passing in the Odyssey (XIV.159: ""Hestia and the god of the hearth""); her minimal narrative role in Homer contrasts with her prominent Homeric Hymns; she is the goddess of the household hearth"
ENT_HIPPONOE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad 18.39-49 (the Nereids who attend Thetis in her mourning)."
ENT_HORKOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Horkos (Oath) is named in formal oath scenes in both epics; Iliad III.104 (the major oath scene invoking Zeus, Earth, Sun, and rivers); XIX.258-265 (Achilles' oath); oath-breaking brings the punishment of the Erinyes"
ENT_HYPERION,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hyperion (Titan of the sun) is named as the father of Helios; in the Odyssey, Helios is repeatedly called ""Hyperion"" or ""son of Hyperion"" (Od. I.8, XII.176, XII.374); the cattle of Helios are called ""cattle of Hyperion"" (Od. XII.263)"
ENT_HYPNOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Hypnos (Sleep) has a major role in the Deception of Zeus (Iliad XIV); Hera persuades him to put Zeus to sleep so Poseidon can help the Greeks; he is the twin of Thanatos and the son of Night (Nyx); Iliad XIV.231-291, XVI.672 (carries Sarpedon's body with Thanatos)"
ENT_IAPETUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Iapetus is named in Iliad VIII.479 (alongside Kronos) as one of the imprisoned Titans in Tartarus, far from the light of Helios; his imprisonment establishes the Titan-below-Olympian structure"
ENT_INO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Odyssey 5.333-335: the mortal daughter of Cadmus, now the sea-goddess Leucothea."
ENT_INO_LEUCOTHEA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ino-Leucothea appears in Odyssey V.333-353: after Poseidon wrecks Odysseus's raft, Ino (formerly a mortal, now a sea-goddess) rises from the waves and gives him her magic veil to stay afloat; she is called ""Leucothea"" (the White Goddess); Odyssey V"
ENT_IOKE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad 5.738-742 (Alke/Prowess and Ioke/Onrush worked upon Athena's aegis, with Phobos, Eris, and the Gorgon)."
ENT_IRIS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Iris is the primary divine messenger in the Iliad; she delivers Zeus's commands to the Trojans (Iliad II.786-807), to Hector (Iliad XI.185-210), and to Poseidon (Iliad XV.143-217); she also warns Priam (Iliad XXIV.144-188); more active than Hermes as messenger in the Iliad"
ENT_KER,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Ker/Keres (spirits of death and doom) appear on the Shield of Achilles (Iliad XVIII.535-538): ""pale Keres, gnashing their white teeth""; they appear at battles dragging away the dead; Iliad II.302, XI.332, XVIII.535; Odyssey (several passages)"
ENT_KRONOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Kronos (ENT_KRONOS; variant) named as Zeus's father and king of an earlier divine order; see ENT_CRONUS
ENT_KYDOIMOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Homer, Iliad (Enyo the war-goddess, Il. 5; Kydoimos the Din of Battle on the Shield of Achilles, Il. 18.535)."
ENT_LETO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Leto is named as the mother of Apollo and Artemis; she appears in the Battle of the Gods (Iliad XXI.497-504: Hera slaps her and scatters her arrows); Iliad I.9, V.447, XIV.327, XX.72, XXI.497"
ENT_LEUCOTHEA,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Leucothea: see ENT_INO_LEUCOTHEA; Odyssey V.333-353
ENT_LITAE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Litae (Prayers personified) are described in Phoenix's speech (Iliad IX.502-512): they are the daughters of Zeus, ""crippled and wrinkled and squint-eyed,"" who follow behind Ate (Ruin) and heal the damage she causes; this is their only Homeric attestation and the primary ancient text for their existence"
ENT_MACHAON,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Machaon (son of Asclepius) is the chief healer of the Greek army at Troy; Iliad II.732 (listed with Podalirius as sons of Asclepius); XI.505-520 (Machaon is wounded; ""a healer is worth many men in one"")"
ENT_MELEAGER,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Meleager is the subject of Phoenix's extended paradigmatic tale (Iliad IX.524-605): he withdrew from battle in anger and only returned when his city was in danger; this story is told as a parallel to Achilles' own withdrawal and serves as persuasion in the Embassy scene
ENT_MELITE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.42 Nereid catalog
ENT_MEMNON,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,A protagonist of the Homeric epics.
ENT_MENELAUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Menelaus is the husband of Helen and the wronged party whose cause the Greeks fight; he is active in both epics; Odyssey IV (the Telemachy) and Iliad III, IV, VII, XVII, XXIII"
ENT_MINOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Minos appears in the Odyssey XI (Nekyia) as the judge of the dead, holding his golden scepter and giving judgments among the dead (Od. XI.568-571); this is the earliest attestation of his role as underworld judge"
ENT_MNEMOSYNE,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,scholarly attestation,Mnemosyne is not named directly in Homer but her daughters the Muses are invoked at Iliad II.484-493 and Odyssey I.1; as mother of the Muses she is implied by the Homeric invocations
ENT_MOIRAI,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"The Moirai (Fates) are named in the Iliad as the force that assigns each person their portion at birth; Iliad XXIV.209-210 (Hecuba says a Moira gave Hector his spirit); XX.127; the concept of moira as a binding fate operates throughout both epics; the three-fold Clotho/Lachesis/Atropos division is Hesiodic, not Homeric"
ENT_MOMOS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,scholarly attestation,Momos (Blame) is alluded to in the tradition of divine blame but is not named in the Homeric epics themselves; the Theoi tradition places him among Nyx's offspring
ENT_MOMUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,scholarly attestation,Momus (Blame/Ridicule): see ENT_MOMOS; variant spelling; post-Homeric personification
ENT_NEMESIS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Nemesis is named in the Odyssey (XIV.283: ""divine nemesis from the gods"") as a divine retribution force; she does not appear as a personified deity with narrative role in Homer, but the concept nemesis (divine indignation at excess) operates throughout both epics"
ENT_NEREUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Nereus (the Old Man of the Sea) is named in the Iliad as the father of the Nereids; Iliad I.538: Thetis is described as the daughter of the old man of the sea; XVIII.36: the Nereids assemble from their father Nereus; Homer does not extensively describe Nereus himself
ENT_NESO,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,Named in the Iliad XVIII.40 Nereid catalog (Nesaie / Nesaea)
ENT_NOTUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Notus (South Wind) is named in Odyssey V.295 (storms) and in several Iliad passages as one of the four winds; Iliad XI.306, Odyssey V.295"
ENT_NYX,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Nyx (Night) appears in the Deception of Zeus episode: when Hypnos fears Zeus's wrath, Hera tells him to flee to Nyx, ""who has power over gods and men"" — even Zeus feared to offend Nyx (Iliad XIV.259-261); this is the primary evidence for Nyx's primordial status"
ENT_OCEANUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Oceanus is the cosmic river encircling the world's edge; Iliad XIV.200-210 (Hera claims she travels to the ends of the earth to visit Oceanus ""who gave rise to the gods""); Odyssey XI.13 (Odysseus sails past Oceanus to reach the underworld); Homer's Oceanus is the origin of rivers and seas"
ENT_ODYSSEUS,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Odysseus is the central hero of the Odyssey; present in the Iliad as a major figure (embassy to Achilles, Iliad IX; spy mission with Diomedes, Iliad X); the Odyssey narrates his ten-year return from Troy; Iliad IX-X; Odyssey I-XXIV"
ENT_ORESTES,SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY,direct attestation,"Orestes is held up repeatedly in the Odyssey as the exemplary avenger of his father's murder: Telemachus is urged to emulate Orestes' revenge on Aegisthus; Od. I.30-43, III.196-200; the Orestes story is the Odyssey's moral parallel to the Telemachus plot"