entity_id,source_id,evidence_type,source_note
ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Idol of the Tayyiʾ tribe, a reddish rock outcrop on Jabal Aja serving as a place of asylum, described in Ibn al-Kalbi."
ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"White quartz betyl and oracular sanctuary at Tabala in Yemen, 'the Yemeni Kaʿba,' venerated by Daws, Khathʿam and Bajila per Ibn al-Kalbi."
ENT_ARAB_ISAF,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Idol at the Kaʿba; in tradition a man petrified for sacrilege, paired with Nāʾila, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa."
ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Collective of the betyls and idols of the Hijaz and wider Arabia catalogued in Ibn al-Kalbi's Kitab al-Asnam and reflected in Qurʾan 71:23.
ENT_ARAB_MANAF,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,Meccan deity whose name survives in the Quraysh name ʿAbd Manaf; listed among the gods of Mecca in Ibn al-Kalbi.
ENT_ARAB_NAILA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Female idol at the Kaʿba, paired with Isāf as a petrified couple, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa."
ENT_ARAB_NUHM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,Deity of the Muzayna tribe whose name survives in the theophoric ʿAbd Nuhm; listed in Ibn al-Kalbi.
ENT_ARAB_QUZAH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,Storm/rainbow deity associated with the hill Quzaḥ at Muzdalifa near Mecca; Arabic qaws Quzaḥ ('Quzaḥ's bow' = rainbow) preserves his name.
ENT_ARAB_RUDA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,North Arabian astral deity (Venus) attested in Thamudic and Safaitic inscriptions and named in Assyrian records as 'Ruldaiu'; also in Ibn al-Kalbi.
ENT_ARAB_SAD,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"A tall rock idol of the Banu Milkan (Kinana) on which sacrificial blood was poured, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi."
ENT_ARAB_SUWA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23; later the idol of the Hudhayl tribe at Ruhat per Ibn al-Kalbi.
ENT_ARAB_YAUQ,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23 ('the preventer/protector'); horse-formed idol of Hamdan at Khaywan in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi.
ENT_ARA_HUBAL,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs (Hubal, the chief idol of the Meccan Kaaba)."
ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Hoyland (2001) ch. 7 on South Arabian religion: Almaqah as the pre-eminent Sabaean lunar deity; hundreds of inscriptions
ENT_SAB_AMM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Hoyland (2001): ʿAmm as the Qatabanian chief deity; kinship-metaphor patron deity pattern
ENT_SAB_ANBAY,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Qatabanian oracular and law-giving god, paired with Ḥawkam; 'Anbay and Ḥawkam' issue decrees in Qatabanian legal inscriptions."
ENT_SAB_ATHTAR,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Hoyland (2001) ch. 7: Athtar as the pan-South-Arabian Venus deity; masculine gender and war associations
ENT_SAB_BASAMUM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"South-Arabian god of healing, his name connected to the balsam/aromatic plant (bsm); attested in votive cure-texts."
ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"The second solar 'Lady' of the Sabaean pantheon, paired with Dhat-Himyam; both invoked in temple dedications such as those from the Awwam sanctuary."
ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"One of the two solar 'Ladies' (Dhat = 'She of') of the Sabaean pantheon, a hypostasis of the sun-goddess; her cult was carried to Dʿmt-period Ethiopia."
ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"A further solar 'Lady' epithet of the South-Arabian sun-goddess attested in dedicatory inscriptions, a localized hypostasis of Shams."
ENT_SAB_HAWBAS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Sabaean deity closely associated with Almaqah, frequently named alongside him at Awwam/Marib and in Dʿmt-period Ethiopia."
ENT_SAB_NASR,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,A South/West-Arabian deity ('vulture/eagle') named in Qurʾan 71:23 and attested in onomastics; venerated in the Himyaritic/Yemeni sphere.
ENT_SAB_SAYIN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"National god of the kingdom of Hadramawt, attested in royal dedications and the great temple at Shabwa; a solar/national patron of Hadramite kingship."
ENT_SAB_SHAMS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Hoyland (2001) ch. 7: Shams as the feminine South Arabian sun goddess; standard member of the divine triad
ENT_SAB_TALAB,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation,"Tutelary god of the Sabaean tribe Banu Sumʿay, titled 'Taʾlab Riyam' after his sanctuary on the Riyam massif; many oracle and pilgrimage inscriptions record his cult."
ENT_SAB_WADD,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,National god of the Minaean (Maʿin) kingdom and a moon-deity; the formula 'Wd ʾb' (Wadd is father) is widely attested on amulets and inscriptions; one of the five idols of Qurʾan 71:23.
ENT_SAB_YAGHUTH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation,Pre-Islamic deity ('he helps') named in Qurʾan 71:23 alongside Yaʿuq and Nasr; lion-idol of Madhhij/Murad in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi.