Entity Sources

2,936 links between entities and the sources that attest them, with evidence type and passage-level notes. The primary evidence layer: every entity classification traces to at least one record here.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

evidence_type
{'description': 'e.g. Direct attestation, Secondary analysis, Epigraphic, Numismatic'}
source_note
{'description': 'Specific passage citations and notes on how this source attests the entity'}

13 rows where source_id = "SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES"

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Link entity_id source_id evidence_type source_note
ENT_MES_ADAD_ISHKUR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Adad/Ishkur ENT_MES_ADAD_ISHKUR Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Adad the storm deity is listed among the great Anunnaki who decree the flood; Adad hymns in Foster document his role as the storm deity who brings rain and thunder; his Akkadian name Adad distinguishes him from the Sumerian Ishkur
ENT_MES_APSU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Apsu ENT_MES_APSU Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Enuma Elish Tablet I (Foster pp. 436-441): Apsu the primordial freshwater ocean is killed by Ea/Enki in the first divine conflict; Ea builds his temple over Apsu's body; the primary Akkadian text for Apsu as a named deity distinct from the Sumerian Abzu
ENT_MES_ASHUR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Ashur ENT_MES_ASHUR Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation The Assyrian version of the Enuma Elish substitutes Ashur for Marduk as the victorious deity (an Assyrian theological adaptation); Foster documents this Assyrian version; also Assyrian royal hymns to Ashur document his role as the national deity of Assyria
ENT_MES_ENKI_EA,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Enki/Ea ENT_MES_ENKI_EA Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Ea/Enki warns Atrahasis about the flood against the decision of the divine assembly; Enuma Elish (Foster pp. 436-486): Ea kills Apsu and establishes himself in the Abzu; the Adapa myth (Foster pp. 528-535): Ea counsels Adapa; primary Akkadian attestations for Ea as the clever intermediary deity
ENT_MES_ENLIL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,scholarly attestation Enlil ENT_MES_ENLIL Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES scholarly attestation Atrahasis Epic (Foster pp. 160-201): Enlil decrees the flood to destroy humanity; the noise of humanity disturbs his sleep; the primary Akkadian text for Enlil's role as the divine authority who demands humanity's destruction (in contrast to Ea who saves them)
ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Ereshkigal ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Descent of Ishtar (Akkadian; Foster pp. 498-505): the Akkadian version of the Inanna/Ishtar descent; Ereshkigal rules the underworld and has Ishtar killed at each gate; Nergal and Ereshkigal (Foster pp. 506-524): the fullest ancient account of Ereshkigal's character and her troubled union with Nergal
ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Inanna/Ishtar ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Descent of Ishtar (Akkadian; Foster pp. 498-505): the Akkadian version of the descent to the underworld; Ishtar stripped of her divine attributes at seven gates; Ishtar Hymns (Foster pp. 570-589): major hymns to Ishtar documenting her character as goddess of love, war, and Venus
ENT_MES_KINGU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Kingu ENT_MES_KINGU Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Enuma Elish Tablets II-VI (Foster pp. 450-475): Kingu is appointed Tiamat's champion and given the Tablet of Destinies; after Marduk's victory, Kingu is killed and his blood used to create humanity; the primary Akkadian text for Kingu
ENT_MES_LAMASHTU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Lamashtu ENT_MES_LAMASHTU Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Lamashtu incantation texts (Foster pp. 838-853): the most detailed ancient documentation of Lamashtu as a threatening demoness; the texts describe her physical appearance, her threats to pregnant women and newborns, and the rituals (especially Pazuzu amulets) used to repel her
ENT_MES_MARDUK,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Marduk ENT_MES_MARDUK Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Enuma Elish (Epic of Creation; Foster pp. 436-486): Marduk defeats Tiamat, creates the cosmos from her body, and is acclaimed king of the gods; the primary Akkadian text for Marduk's mythology and his elevation to chief deity of the Babylonian pantheon; also Erra and Ishum (Foster pp. 900-934) where Marduk temporarily vacates his role
ENT_MES_NABU,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Nabu ENT_MES_NABU Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Enuma Elish Tablet VII (Foster pp. 477-486): Marduk grants Nabu the tablet stylus; hymns to Nabu in Foster document his role as god of writing and scribal arts, son of Marduk, patron of Borsippa; the primary Akkadian literary documentation of Nabu's divine functions
ENT_MES_NERGAL,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Nergal ENT_MES_NERGAL Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Nergal and Ereshkigal (Foster pp. 506-524): the most important Akkadian text for Nergal; he descends to the underworld, has his head seized by Ereshkigal's throne-attendant Namtar, eventually seizes Ereshkigal herself, and becomes her consort as king of the underworld; Erra and Ishum (Foster pp. 900-934) is the other major Nergal/Erra text
ENT_MES_TIAMAT,SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES,direct attestation Tiamat ENT_MES_TIAMAT Benjamin R. Foster, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed. (CDL Press, 2005) SRC_FOSTER_BEFORE_MUSES direct attestation Enuma Elish Tablets I-IV (Foster pp. 436-460): Tiamat the primordial saltwater goddess leads the divine rebellion; her body is split by Marduk to create heaven and earth; the primary Akkadian text for Tiamat as a named mythological entity

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CREATE TABLE "entity_sources" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [evidence_type] TEXT,
   [source_note] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [source_id], [evidence_type])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_source_id]
    ON [entity_sources] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_entity_id]
    ON [entity_sources] ([entity_id]);