deitydb: entity_sources: 26 rows where source_id = "SRC_HERODOTUS

2,936 links between entities and the sources that attest them, with evidence type and passage-level notes. The primary evidence layer: every entity classification traces to at least one record here.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

evidence_type: {'description': 'e.g. Direct attestation, Secondary analysis, Epigraphic, Numismatic'}
source_note: {'description': 'Specific passage citations and notes on how this source attests the entity'}

26 rows where source_id = "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES"

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Link	entity_id	source_id	evidence_type	source_note
ENT_ARA_ALLAT,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 3.8: "Alilat" named as the Arabic name for Aphrodite Urania
ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 3.8: "The Arabians call Aphrodite Ourania Alilat" — Alilat is identified with both Al-Lat and Al-Uzza in Arabian tradition; this is the earliest surviving Greek reference to a named Arabian goddess; the Aphrodite Ourania equation establishes her as a Venus-type celestial deity
ENT_BENDIS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Bendis ENT_BENDIS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 5.7: the three Thracian gods include Artemis — scholarship identifies this with Bendis in the Athenian reception context. Herodotus writing c. 430 BCE, contemporary with the Bendideia decree.
ENT_DAC_DERZELAS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Derzelas ENT_DAC_DERZELAS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Hist. IV.93-96 provides the Getae/Thracian religious context (Zalmoxis, immortality beliefs) within which Derzelas's regional cult develops. Not a direct source for Derzelas but establishes the Dacian-Thracian religious matrix.
ENT_DIONYSUS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Dionysus ENT_DIONYSUS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.49, 2.144, 2.156: Herodotus traces Dionysus's origins to Egypt (= Osiris) and claims Melampus introduced the Dionysiac rites to Greece from Egypt; he also names Dionysus as much more ancient than Greek genealogy allows; a critical early text for Dionysus's oriental connections
ENT_EGY_AMUN,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Amun ENT_EGY_AMUN	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.42: "Those [Egyptians] who dwell near Thebes sacrifice no sheep but goats... they honor Zeus [= Amun]" — Herodotus explicitly identifies the Theban Amun with Zeus; the oracle of Zeus Ammon in Libya is the Hellenized form of the Siwa Amun oracle; 2.42 and throughout
ENT_EGY_HORUS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Horus ENT_EGY_HORUS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.144: Horus is equated with Apollo ("the Egyptians say that Ares and Apollo ... in Egyptian they call Ares Onuris [= Anhur], and Apollo Horus"); the Horus=Apollo identification, while less prominent than Osiris=Dionysus, is made explicit by Herodotus
ENT_EGY_ISIS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Isis ENT_EGY_ISIS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.41, 2.59: "Isis in the Greek tongue is Demeter"; Herodotus identifies Isis with Demeter at the festival of Bubastis (2.59) and through the grain/agriculture connection; the primary ancient Greek text for the Isis=Demeter equation
ENT_EGY_OSIRIS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Osiris ENT_EGY_OSIRIS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.42, 2.144: Osiris is explicitly equated with Dionysus; Herodotus says "the Egyptians celebrate a feast to Dionysus [Osiris]" and links the myth of Dionysus's death and resurrection to Osiris; the oldest surviving Greek text making this equation
ENT_EGY_THOTH,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Thoth ENT_EGY_THOTH	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.52: Herodotus states the Egyptians gave names to the gods that the Greeks then adopted; the equation of Thoth with Hermes ("Hermes they derive from Egypt") underlies the later Hermes Trismegistus tradition; the primary ancient source for this equation
ENT_HERACLES,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Heracles ENT_HERACLES	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.44: Herodotus explicitly distinguishes the Greek Heracles from the Phoenician Melqart; he claims to have visited the ancient temple of Heracles at Tyre (two sacred pillars, one gold, one emerald); 2.145: Heracles is placed in a much earlier genealogical stratum than the Greek tradition allows, establishing him as a universal ancient hero
ENT_IACCHUS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Iacchus ENT_IACCHUS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 8.65: the Eleusinian "Iakchos" procession-cry; cf. Orphic Hymn 42.
ENT_PHO_MELQART,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Melqart ENT_PHO_MELQART	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 2.44: description of the Tyrian Heracles (Melqart) sanctuary and two pillars
ENT_SABAZIOS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Sabazios ENT_SABAZIOS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 5.7: the three Thracian gods described as Ares, Dionysus, and Artemis. Scholarship identifies the Dionysian/ecstatic figure in this triad with Sabazios. Not named directly, but key for Thracian divine typology.
ENT_SCYTH_API,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Api ENT_SCYTH_API	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Earth Api" — paired with Papaeus as sky-earth divine couple.
ENT_SCYTH_ARTIMPASA,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Artimpasa ENT_SCYTH_ARTIMPASA	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2 (named Artimpasa = Aphrodite Urania); 4.67 (Enarees — transvestite priests serving her). Two separate attestation contexts.
ENT_SCYTH_OETOSYRUS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Oetosyrus / Goitosyrus ENT_SCYTH_OETOSYRUS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Apollo Oetosyrus" — Scythian sun god identified with Apollo.
ENT_SCYTH_PAPAEUS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Papaeus ENT_SCYTH_PAPAEUS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Zeus (very rightly in my judgment) Papaeus; Earth Api" — Herodotus notes the cosmological pair explicitly.
ENT_SCYTH_SWORD_ARES,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Sword Ares (Akinakes cult) ENT_SCYTH_SWORD_ARES	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.3 and 4.62: the sword-Ares cult described in detail — the only Scythian deity with a constructed altar; annual festival; human and equine sacrifice; wine poured over victims' heads.
ENT_SCYTH_TABITI,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Tabiti ENT_SCYTH_TABITI	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Hestia they call Tabiti; the Scythians worship Hestia above all gods." Primary and only ancient source naming Tabiti.
ENT_SCYTH_THAGIMASADAS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Thagimasadas ENT_SCYTH_THAGIMASADAS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Poseidon Thagimasadas" — worshipped only by Royal Scythians; Herodotus's explicit note about this restriction is significant.
ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Zeus Ammon ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 2.42, 3.26: Herodotus describes the oracle of Zeus Ammon (= Amun) at the Siwa oasis in Libya; the oracle that Cambyses' army tried to reach; the primary ancient source establishing Zeus Ammon as a widely recognized cross-cultural deity
ENT_THRA_GEBELEIZIS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Gebeleizis ENT_THRA_GEBELEIZIS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 4.94: sole ancient attestation — the Getae shoot arrows at the sky to threaten Gebeleizis during thunderstorms, believing no god exists but their own. Immediately precedes the Zalmoxis account.
ENT_THRA_ZALMOXIS,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Zalmoxis ENT_THRA_ZALMOXIS	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Herodotus 4.94-96: the longest ancient account of Zalmoxis — the Getae belief in immortality, the four-year messenger ritual, and the Greek rationalist alternative of Zalmoxis as former slave of Pythagoras. Primary and most detailed attestation; Herodotus himself is sceptical of the Greek version.
ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,direct attestation	Ahura Mazda ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	direct attestation	Histories 1.131: "The Persians have no images of the gods, no temples nor altars, and consider their use a sign of folly... Their wont is to ascend the summits of the loftiest mountains, and there to offer sacrifice to Jove [= Ahura Mazda], which is the name they give to the whole circuit of the firmament"; the earliest surviving Greek account of the Persian deity identified as the sky
ENT_ZOR_ANAHITA,SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES,scholarly attestation	Anahita ENT_ZOR_ANAHITA	Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES	scholarly attestation	Histories 1.131: Herodotus notes the Persians sacrifice to "Aphrodite Ourania" — this is almost certainly the Persian Anahita in Greek interpretatio; later confirmed by Artaxerxes II inscriptions; Herodotus is the earliest Greek source linking Persian religion to an Aphrodite-type figure

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CREATE TABLE "entity_sources" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [evidence_type] TEXT,
   [source_note] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [source_id], [evidence_type])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_source_id]
    ON [entity_sources] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_entity_id]
    ON [entity_sources] ([entity_id]);

Entity Sources

26 rows where source_id = "SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES"

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