Entity Sources
Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb
- evidence_type
- {'description': 'e.g. Direct attestation, Secondary analysis, Epigraphic, Numismatic'}
- source_note
- {'description': 'Specific passage citations and notes on how this source attests the entity'}
28 rows where source_id = "SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA"
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| Link | entity_id | source_id | evidence_type | source_note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | al-Fals ENT_ARAB_AL_FALS | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Idol of the Tayyiʾ tribe, a reddish rock outcrop on Jabal Aja serving as a place of asylum, described in Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Dhu'l-Khalasa ENT_ARAB_DHUL_KHALASA | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | White quartz betyl and oracular sanctuary at Tabala in Yemen, 'the Yemeni Kaʿba,' venerated by Daws, Khathʿam and Bajila per Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_ISAF,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Isāf ENT_ARAB_ISAF | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Idol at the Kaʿba; in tradition a man petrified for sacrilege, paired with Nāʾila, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa. |
| ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | The Idols of Pre-Islamic Arabia ENT_ARAB_KAABA_IDOLS | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Collective of the betyls and idols of the Hijaz and wider Arabia catalogued in Ibn al-Kalbi's Kitab al-Asnam and reflected in Qurʾan 71:23. |
| ENT_ARAB_MANAF,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Manāf ENT_ARAB_MANAF | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Meccan deity whose name survives in the Quraysh name ʿAbd Manaf; listed among the gods of Mecca in Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_NAILA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Nāʾila ENT_ARAB_NAILA | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Female idol at the Kaʿba, paired with Isāf as a petrified couple, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi at al-Safa/al-Marwa. |
| ENT_ARAB_NUHM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Nuhm ENT_ARAB_NUHM | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Deity of the Muzayna tribe whose name survives in the theophoric ʿAbd Nuhm; listed in Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_QUZAH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Quzaḥ ENT_ARAB_QUZAH | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Storm/rainbow deity associated with the hill Quzaḥ at Muzdalifa near Mecca; Arabic qaws Quzaḥ ('Quzaḥ's bow' = rainbow) preserves his name. |
| ENT_ARAB_RUDA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Ruda ENT_ARAB_RUDA | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | North Arabian astral deity (Venus) attested in Thamudic and Safaitic inscriptions and named in Assyrian records as 'Ruldaiu'; also in Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_SAD,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Saʿd ENT_ARAB_SAD | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | A tall rock idol of the Banu Milkan (Kinana) on which sacrificial blood was poured, attested in Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_SUWA,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Suwāʿ ENT_ARAB_SUWA | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23; later the idol of the Hudhayl tribe at Ruhat per Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARAB_YAUQ,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Yaʿūq ENT_ARAB_YAUQ | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | One of the five antediluvian idols of Qurʾan 71:23 ('the preventer/protector'); horse-formed idol of Hamdan at Khaywan in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi. |
| ENT_ARA_HUBAL,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Hubal ENT_ARA_HUBAL | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs (Hubal, the chief idol of the Meccan Kaaba). |
| ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Almaqah ENT_SAB_ALMAQAH | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Hoyland (2001) ch. 7 on South Arabian religion: Almaqah as the pre-eminent Sabaean lunar deity; hundreds of inscriptions |
| ENT_SAB_AMM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | ʿAmm ENT_SAB_AMM | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Hoyland (2001): ʿAmm as the Qatabanian chief deity; kinship-metaphor patron deity pattern |
| ENT_SAB_ANBAY,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Anbay ENT_SAB_ANBAY | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Qatabanian oracular and law-giving god, paired with Ḥawkam; 'Anbay and Ḥawkam' issue decrees in Qatabanian legal inscriptions. |
| ENT_SAB_ATHTAR,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Hoyland (2001) ch. 7: Athtar as the pan-South-Arabian Venus deity; masculine gender and war associations |
| ENT_SAB_BASAMUM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Basamum ENT_SAB_BASAMUM | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | South-Arabian god of healing, his name connected to the balsam/aromatic plant (bsm); attested in votive cure-texts. |
| ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Dhāt-Baʿdan ENT_SAB_DHAT_BADAN | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | The second solar 'Lady' of the Sabaean pantheon, paired with Dhat-Himyam; both invoked in temple dedications such as those from the Awwam sanctuary. |
| ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Dhāt-Ḥimyam ENT_SAB_DHAT_HIMYAM | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | One of the two solar 'Ladies' (Dhat = 'She of') of the Sabaean pantheon, a hypostasis of the sun-goddess; her cult was carried to Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. |
| ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Dhāt-Ẓahrān ENT_SAB_DHAT_ZAHRAN | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | A further solar 'Lady' epithet of the South-Arabian sun-goddess attested in dedicatory inscriptions, a localized hypostasis of Shams. |
| ENT_SAB_HAWBAS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Hawbas ENT_SAB_HAWBAS | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Sabaean deity closely associated with Almaqah, frequently named alongside him at Awwam/Marib and in Dʿmt-period Ethiopia. |
| ENT_SAB_NASR,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Nasr ENT_SAB_NASR | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | A South/West-Arabian deity ('vulture/eagle') named in Qurʾan 71:23 and attested in onomastics; venerated in the Himyaritic/Yemeni sphere. |
| ENT_SAB_SAYIN,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Sayin ENT_SAB_SAYIN | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | National god of the kingdom of Hadramawt, attested in royal dedications and the great temple at Shabwa; a solar/national patron of Hadramite kingship. |
| ENT_SAB_SHAMS,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Hoyland (2001) ch. 7: Shams as the feminine South Arabian sun goddess; standard member of the divine triad |
| ENT_SAB_TALAB,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,scholarly attestation | Taʾlab Riyam ENT_SAB_TALAB | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | scholarly attestation | Tutelary god of the Sabaean tribe Banu Sumʿay, titled 'Taʾlab Riyam' after his sanctuary on the Riyam massif; many oracle and pilgrimage inscriptions record his cult. |
| ENT_SAB_WADD,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Wadd ENT_SAB_WADD | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | National god of the Minaean (Maʿin) kingdom and a moon-deity; the formula 'Wd ʾb' (Wadd is father) is widely attested on amulets and inscriptions; one of the five idols of Qurʾan 71:23. |
| ENT_SAB_YAGHUTH,SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA,direct attestation | Yagūth ENT_SAB_YAGHUTH | Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam (Routledge, 2001) SRC_HOYLAND_ARABIA | direct attestation | Pre-Islamic deity ('he helps') named in Qurʾan 71:23 alongside Yaʿuq and Nasr; lion-idol of Madhhij/Murad in Yemen per Ibn al-Kalbi. |
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CREATE TABLE "entity_sources" (
[entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
[source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
[evidence_type] TEXT,
[source_note] TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [source_id], [evidence_type])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_source_id]
ON [entity_sources] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_sources_entity_id]
ON [entity_sources] ([entity_id]);