periods: PER_LUW_NEO_HITTITE

56 historical periods covering all traditions, from the Predynastic Egyptian period (c. 3200 BCE) to the 20th-century occultist reception layer. Used to anchor entity classifications and relationships in time.

This data as json

period_id tradition period_name start_year end_year notes
PER_LUW_NEO_HITTITE Luwian Neo-Hittite / Luwian Iron Age -1200 -700 The period of the Neo-Hittite and Luwian Iron Age states of Anatolia and northern Syria following the Bronze Age collapse (c. 1200 BCE). After the destruction of the Hittite Empire (c. 1185 BCE), a series of successor states emerged in southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria — principally Carchemish (on the Euphrates, modern Jarabulus, Turkey/Syria border), Malatya (Melid), Gurgum, Kummuh, Sam'al/Zinjirli, Karatepe, and Hamath — that preserved Luwian language and culture while absorbing Neo-Assyrian and Aramean influences. Their inscriptions are written in Luwian hieroglyphic script, and their religious traditions represent a continuation of Hittite imperial religion adapted to Iron Age conditions. Kubaba of Carchemish is the deity most characteristic of the Luwian Iron Age: she rose to prominence as the leading deity of Carchemish (the most important Neo-Hittite state after the empire's collapse) and her name was transmitted into Phrygian as "Kubileya" (the epithet component of "Matar Kubileya"), eventually becoming the Greek "Cybele." The period ends with the Assyrian conquest of Carchemish in 717 BCE (Sargon II) and the subsequent absorption of the Neo-Hittite states into the Assyrian provincial system. Taracha (2009) is the comprehensive secondary reference.

Links from other tables