sources: SRC_CARTER_STOLPER_ELAM

The sources grounding every entity classification and relationship in the database (live count on the home page and in v_release_metrics). Primary texts include the Pyramid Texts (c. 2375 BCE), Homer, Hesiod, Herodotus, the Masoretic Text, Nag Hammadi corpus, Avesta, Ginza Rba, the Chaldean Oracles, the Corpus Hermeticum, Quran, and more. Secondary scholarship covers standard academic monographs for each tradition.

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source_id title url source_type scope
SRC_CARTER_STOLPER_ELAM Elizabeth Carter and Matthew W. Stolper, Elam: Surveys of Political History and Archaeology (University of California Publications, Near Eastern Studies 25; University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles / London, 1984)   secondary scholarship The classic survey of Elamite political history (Carter) and archaeology (Stolper) covering Old Elamite (c. 2200–1600 BCE), Middle Elamite (c. 1600–1100 BCE), and Neo-Elamite (c. 1100–539 BCE) periods. Carter's chapters on the Old and Middle Elamite periods document the royal inscriptions in which the Elamite kings invoke Inshushinak, Napirisha, Kiririsha, and Humban — providing the primary epigraphic evidence for their functions and relationships. Particularly important for the Middle Elamite religious synthesis under Untash-Napirisha (c. 1340–1300 BCE), who built Dur-Untash/Chogha Zanbil as a sacred city combining the Susian Inshushinak cult with the Anshan Napirisha cult, creating a unified Elamite national religion. Stolper's survey of Neo-Elamite material covers the period in which Humban re-emerges as the dominant theophoric element in Elamite royal names (Humban-Haltash, Humban-Numena, Humban-Undasha) before the Achaemenid conquest. Cited for historical context and epigraphic evidence for all four entities.

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