Entity Periods

Period assignments linking entities to the historical periods when they are attested. An entity may span multiple periods. All Greek entities are assigned; Egyptian tradition is fully covered; total coverage exceeds 70%.

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low — certainty of the period assignment'}
rationale
{'description': 'Justification with source citations'}

14 rows where period_id = "PER_ARA_IRON_AGE"

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Link entity_id period_id confidence rationale source_id review_status
ENT_ARA_AGLIBOL,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Aglibol ENT_ARA_AGLIBOL Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Palmyrene lunar god depicted with a crescent, paired with Malakbel in the Sacred Garden cult and flanking Bel in the Temple of Bel. SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA reviewed
ENT_ARA_ALLAT_PALMYRA,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Allat of Palmyra ENT_ARA_ALLAT_PALMYRA Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Arab goddess worshipped at Palmyra in her own sanctuary, assimilated to armed Athena, attested in Palmyrene and bilingual dedications. SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA reviewed
ENT_ARA_ATARGATIS,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Atargatis ENT_ARA_ATARGATIS Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Atargatis is attested in Aramaic inscriptions from the Hellenistic period onward and described in detail by Lucian c. 150 CE; cult at Hierapolis persisted through late antiquity. SRC_LUCIAN_DEA_SYRIA reviewed
ENT_ARA_AZIZOS,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Azizos ENT_ARA_AZIZOS Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high The morning-star deity of Edessa, paired with Monimos as the two attendants of the sun; identified with Venus/Phosphoros by Julian (Hymn to King Helios). SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_BAALSHAMIN,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Baalshamin ENT_ARA_BAALSHAMIN Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Attested from the Zakkur stele (c. 800 BCE) through the Palmyrene temple (131 CE) and into late antiquity; one of the longest-attested Semitic theonyms. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_BEL_PALMYRA,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Bel of Palmyra ENT_ARA_BEL_PALMYRA Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Head of the Palmyrene pantheon, worshipped in the great Temple of Bel (dedicated 32 CE); a Bel form assimilated to Babylonian Bel-Marduk, heading the astral triad with Yarhibol and Aglibol. SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA reviewed
ENT_ARA_ELAGABAL,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Elagabal of Emesa ENT_ARA_ELAGABAL Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high The sun god of Emesa ('Ila gabal, god of the mountain') worshipped as a conical black betyl; his priest-emperor Elagabalus installed the stone in Rome, attested on coinage and by Herodian. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_HADAD_DAMASCUS,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Hadad of Damascus ENT_ARA_HADAD_DAMASCUS Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Ben-Hadad royal names and the Melqart stele place Hadad of Damascus in the 9th–8th centuries BCE; Tiglath-Pileser III's deportation of his cult statue in 732 BCE is the terminus ante quem for the main Aramean state cult. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_MALAKBEL,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Malakbel ENT_ARA_MALAKBEL Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Palmyrene solar and vegetation god ('Messenger of Bel'), paired with Aglibol; the bilingual altar in Rome equates him with Sol Sanctissimus. SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA reviewed
ENT_ARA_MONIMOS,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Monimos ENT_ARA_MONIMOS Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high The evening-star deity of Edessa (Aramaic mnʿm, 'the favourable one'), twin attendant of the sun alongside Azizos, named by Julian (Hymn to King Helios). SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_RAKIB_EL,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Rakib-El ENT_ARA_RAKIB_EL Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high 'Charioteer of El', tutelary dynastic god of the kings of Samʾal/Zincirli, named in the 8th-c. BCE Hadad, Panamuwa and Kilamuwa inscriptions. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_SAHAR,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Sahar ENT_ARA_SAHAR Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Aramean moon deity (Aramaic shr, 'crescent') invoked among the gods of the royal house at Samʾal in the Panamuwa inscriptions of Zincirli. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_SIN_HARRAN,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Sin of Harran ENT_ARA_SIN_HARRAN Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high The moon god of the Ehulhul sanctuary at Harran, the principal lunar cult of the Aramean/Assyrian north; named in the Sefire treaty curses and rebuilt by Nabonidus. SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS reviewed
ENT_ARA_YARHIBOL,PER_ARA_IRON_AGE Yarhibol ENT_ARA_YARHIBOL Aramean and Syrian Hellenistic Religion PER_ARA_IRON_AGE high Palmyrene solar god, originally guardian of the sacred spring Efqa, depicted with a radiate nimbus and flanking Bel in the Temple of Bel. SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA reviewed

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CREATE TABLE "entity_periods" (
   [entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT,
   [review_status] TEXT,
   PRIMARY KEY ([entity_id], [period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_period_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_periods_entity_id]
    ON [entity_periods] ([entity_id]);