Relationships

2,079 typed, source-backed relationships between entities. Each row records a directed relationship (subject → type → object) with a justifying source and rationale note. See relationship_types for the full controlled vocabulary of 70 relationship types. Key types: reception_of / received_as (transmission across traditions), equated_with (interpretatio graeca / analogues), parent_of (genealogy), member_of (collective membership), emanates_from (Gnostic/Neoplatonic structure).

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

subject_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
relationship_type
{'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
object_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
rationale
{'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
source_id
{'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
period_id
{'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}

10 rows where object_entity_id = "ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH"

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Suggested facets: relationship_type, confidence, source_id, review_status

relationship_id ▼ subject_entity_id relationship_type object_entity_id confidence rationale source_id review_status period_id
482 Nanna/Sin ENT_MES_NANNA_SIN parent_of Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH medium Utu/Shamash is often treated as child of Nanna/Sin. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
1594 Ningal ENT_MES_NINGAL parent_of Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high Ningal is named as the mother of Utu/Shamash (the sun god) alongside Inanna in Sumerian hymns; Nanna and Ningal are the divine parents of both the moon's primary associated celestial bodies (sun and Venus/morning star). Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature SRC_ETCSL reviewed Ur III / Sumerian Renaissance PER_MES_UR_III
2261 Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS equated_with Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH medium Shams is the South Arabian sun deity (the name cognate with Semitic šmš, "sun"); she is identified with the Semitic solar deity tradition represented by Utu/Shamash in Mesopotamia and with the South Arabian solar goddess tradition. Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES approved  
2354 Shivini ENT_URA_SHIVINI aligned_with Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH medium Shivini and Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash are parallel sun deities of neighboring ancient Near Eastern traditions. Both are depicted with a solar disk, both serve as witnesses to oaths and upholders of justice, and both occupy a third-rank position in their divine triads (after the sky deity and storm deity). The alignment reflects the shared ancient Near Eastern theology of the sun as the divine witness of justice. Zimansky (1985) p. 70. Paul E. Zimansky, Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 41; Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Chicago, 1985) SRC_ZIMANSKY_URARTU reviewed Kingdom of Urartu PER_URA_IRON_AGE
2388 Inshushinak ENT_ELAM_INSHUSHINAK aligned_with Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH medium Inshushinak and Utu/Shamash are structurally parallel as judicial deities who oversee divine justice and adjudicate the fates of the dead. Both operate at the threshold between life and death as the divine judge of last resort; both are associated with light and truth as the foundations of judgment. The parallel was recognized in antiquity through the close cultural contact between Susa and Mesopotamia: Elamite scribes used Akkadian cuneiform and were well aware of Shamash's judicial role. Confidence medium: no ancient source explicitly equates them, but the structural and functional alignment is strong and frequently noted in modern scholarship. Potts (1999) p. 276. Daniel T. Potts, The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State (Cambridge World Archaeology; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999) SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed Kingdom of Elam PER_ELAM_CLASSICAL
3017 Aya ENT_MES_AYA consort_of Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high Aya, the dawn goddess, is the consort of the sun-god Shamash. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3850 Girtablullu ENT_MES_GIRTABLULLU guardian_of Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high Scorpion-men who guard the gate of the rising sun Andrew R. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, 2 vols. (Oxford University Press, 2003) SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed  
3851 Kusarikku ENT_MES_KUSARIKKU guardian_of Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high Bull-man attendant and gate-guardian of the sun-god Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
4125 Nahhunte ENT_ELAM_NAHHUNTE equated_with Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high Nahhunte is the Elamite sun god and justice-guarantor, counterpart of Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash. Daniel T. Potts, The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State (Cambridge World Archaeology; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999) SRC_POTTS_ELAM reviewed  
6631 Shamash (the Sun) of Harran ENT_HRN_SHAMASH_SUN equated_with Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH high The Harranian Sun-deity is the late continuation of Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash (ancient identification / cult continuity; Green). Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD reviewed  

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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
   [relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
   [subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
   [object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);