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Relationships

2,079 typed, source-backed relationships between entities. Each row records a directed relationship (subject → type → object) with a justifying source and rationale note. See relationship_types for the full controlled vocabulary of 70 relationship types. Key types: reception_of / received_as (transmission across traditions), equated_with (interpretatio graeca / analogues), parent_of (genealogy), member_of (collective membership), emanates_from (Gnostic/Neoplatonic structure).

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

subject_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
relationship_type
{'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
object_entity_id
{'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
confidence
{'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
rationale
{'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
source_id
{'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
period_id
{'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}

58 rows where object_entity_id = "ENT_UNDERWORLD"

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Suggested facets: relationship_type, confidence, source_id, review_status

relationship_id ▼ subject_entity_id relationship_type object_entity_id confidence rationale source_id review_status period_id
417 Osiris ENT_EGY_OSIRIS rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Osiris is the ruler and judge of the Egyptian underworld (Duat); as lord of the dead he presides over the realm of the afterlife. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt SRC_WILKINSON_EGYPTIAN_GODS reviewed  
487 Nergal ENT_MES_NERGAL rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Nergal is the Mesopotamian sovereign of the underworld (consort of Ereshkigal), associated with death, plague, and the realm of the dead. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
496 Galla ENT_MES_GALLA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Galla demons are underworld demons. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
497 Ereshkigal ENT_MES_ERESHKIGAL dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Ereshkigal is queen of the underworld. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
519 Rephaim ENT_CAN_REPHAIM dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Rephaim are associated with the dead and chthonic ancestral sphere. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible SRC_UGARIT_DDD reviewed  
520 Mot ENT_CAN_MOT dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Mot belongs to death/underworld mythology. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible SRC_UGARIT_DDD reviewed  
550 Sheol ENT_ISR_SHEOL belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Sheol is the biblical underworld/realm of the dead. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible SRC_DDD_BIBLE reviewed  
800 Manes ENT_ROM_MANES dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Manes belong to the ancestral/dead sphere. Oxford Classical Dictionary, Roman Religion entries SRC_ROMAN_OCD reviewed  
865 Níðhöggr ENT_NOR_NIDHOGG dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Níðhöggr is associated with chthonic roots/underworld zones. Snorri Sturluson, Prose Edda SRC_PROSE_EDDA reviewed  
866 Hel ENT_NOR_HEL dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Hel rules the underworld realm of Hel. Snorri Sturluson, Prose Edda SRC_PROSE_EDDA reviewed  
919 Ur ENT_MAN_UR dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Ur belongs to chthonic/lower-world myth. Ginza Rba SRC_GINZA_RBA reviewed  
920 Hibil Ziwa ENT_MAN_HIBIL_ZIWA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Hibil Ziwa is associated with descent into lower/chthonic realms. Ginza Rba SRC_GINZA_RBA reviewed  
1732 Hades ENT_HADES rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Homer Iliad 15.187-193: the three sons of Kronos divided the world by lot; Hades received the underworld. Homer, Iliad and Odyssey (c. 750-675 BCE); trans. Richmond Lattimore (Iliad, Univ. of Chicago 1951) and trans. Emily Wilson (Odyssey, Norton 2017) SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY approved  
1772 Charun ENT_ETR_CHARUN dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high De Grummond (2006): Charun is attested in Tarquinian tomb paintings (Tomba degli Auguri, Tomba dell'Orco) as a denizen of the Etruscan underworld, wielding a hammer and accompanied by serpents. De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN approved  
1774 Tuchulcha ENT_ETR_TUCHULCHA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high De Grummond (2006): Tuchulcha (vulture beak, donkey ears, serpents) is attested in the Tomba dell'Orco at Tarquinia (4th c. BCE) as a uniquely Etruscan underworld terror-figure. De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN approved  
1854 Tartarus ENT_TARTARUS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Hesiod Theogony 119, 720-726: Tartarus is the primordial deep pit beneath the earth and Hades, the lowest region of the cosmos. Hesiod, Theogony and Works and Days SRC_HESIOD_THEOGONY approved  
1915 Acheron River ENT_ACHERON_RIVER dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Homer Odyssey 10.513-514: Acheron named as a river of Hades; Hesiod Theogony 775 confirms its underworld location. Homer, Iliad and Odyssey (c. 750-675 BCE); trans. Richmond Lattimore (Iliad, Univ. of Chicago 1951) and trans. Emily Wilson (Odyssey, Norton 2017) SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY approved  
2033 Plouton ENT_PLOUTON rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Hesiod Theogony 850; Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Plouton (Pluto, "the Rich One") is the euphemistic name for Hades as ruler of the underworld and its mineral wealth. Hesiod, Theogony and Works and Days SRC_HESIOD_THEOGONY approved  
2034 Plouton ENT_PLOUTON dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Homeric Hymn to Demeter 17: Hades/Plouton rules and dwells in the realm of the dead. Homeric Hymns (7th-5th century BCE); trans. M.L. West, Homeric Hymns (Loeb Classical Library 496, Harvard 2003) SRC_HOMERIC_HYMNS approved  
2035 Hades Klymenos ENT_HADES_KLYMENOS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Hades Klymenos ("the Renowned") is an epithetic form of Hades used in Arcadian cult and poetry; he dwells and rules in the underworld realm. Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES approved  
2036 Hades Klymenos ENT_HADES_KLYMENOS rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Epithetic form of Hades; see SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES. Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES approved  
2037 Brimo ENT_BRIMO dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Brimo is a chthonic epithet used for Hecate (and occasionally Persephone and Demeter) in mystery-cult contexts; the name indicates her underworld associations. Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES approved  
2042 Enodia ENT_ENODIA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Enodia ("She of the Crossroads/Roads") is a Thessalian epithet of Hecate as goddess of thresholds, crossroads, and the liminal underworld boundary. Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES approved  
2090 Meretseger ENT_EGY_MERETSEGER dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Meretseger (Mrt-sgr) dwelt on the peak of the Theban mountain overlooking the Valley of the Kings and Deir el-Medina; she guarded the necropolis and punished those who violated its sanctity. Wilkinson, Complete Gods, p. 227. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt SRC_WILKINSON_EGYPTIAN_GODS approved  
2108 Alalu ENT_HTT_ALALU dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Hoffner, Hittite Myths — Song of Kumarbi: after being defeated by Anu in the ninth year, Alalu "went down to the dark earth (the underworld)" where he took refuge. Harry A. Hoffner Jr., Hittite Myths, 2nd ed. (Society of Biblical Literature, 1998) SRC_HOFFNER_HITTITE_MYTHS approved  
2167 Kakodaimon ENT_KAKODAIMON dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Kakodaimon (Evil Daimon) is associated with the underworld and with bad luck; it is the dark counterpart of the Agathodaimon, dwelling in the chthonic domain. Theoi Underworld Gods index SRC_THEOI_UNDERWORLD approved  
2203 Cocytus ENT_COCYTUS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Homer Odyssey 10.513-514: Cocytus is named alongside Pyriphlegethon as a branch of the Styx in the underworld; Plato Phaedo 113b describes it further. Homer, Iliad and Odyssey (c. 750-675 BCE); trans. Richmond Lattimore (Iliad, Univ. of Chicago 1951) and trans. Emily Wilson (Odyssey, Norton 2017) SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY approved  
2204 Phlegethon ENT_PHLEGETHON dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Homer Odyssey 10.513: Pyriphlegethon (Phlegethon, "the Flaming River") is a river of fire in the underworld; Plato Phaedo 113a gives the fullest description. Homer, Iliad and Odyssey (c. 750-675 BCE); trans. Richmond Lattimore (Iliad, Univ. of Chicago 1951) and trans. Emily Wilson (Odyssey, Norton 2017) SRC_HOMER_ILIAD_ODYSSEY approved  
2208 Melinoe ENT_MELINOE dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Orphic Hymn 71: Melinoe is a chthonic deity born in the underworld who wanders the earth at night as a bringer of nightmares. Theoi Underworld Gods index SRC_THEOI_UNDERWORLD approved  
2212 Gorgyra ENT_GORGYRA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Gorgyra is an underworld naiad; she is mentioned alongside Orphne in the Ascalaphus tradition as a companion spirit of the underworld river Acheron. Theoi Underworld. Theoi Underworld Gods index SRC_THEOI_UNDERWORLD approved  
2213 Leuce ENT_LEUCE dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Leuce was a naiad beloved of Hades who was transported to Elysium after her death; the white poplar tree in Elysium was said to have grown from her. Theoi Underworld. Theoi Underworld Gods index SRC_THEOI_UNDERWORLD approved  
2214 Eurynomos ENT_EURYNOMOS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Pausanias Description of Greece 10.28.7: Eurynomos is the underworld daemon described in Polygnotus's painting of the underworld at Delphi; he strips the flesh from the dead. Pausanias, Description of Greece (c. 143-176 CE); trans. W.H.S. Jones (Loeb Classical Library, Harvard 1918-1935) SRC_PAUSANIAS_DESCRIPTION approved  
2370 Ataegina ENT_IB_ATAEGINA patron_of Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Ataegina's syncretism with Proserpina in the inscriptional formula "Dea sancta Ataegina Turibrigensis Proserpina" explicitly places her in the underworld/chthonic domain. The regeneration etymology (*ati-gena-, "reborn") and her chthonic function converge on an underworld deity whose power encompasses death and renewal. Blázquez (1962) pp. 125-146. José María Blázquez, Religiones primitivas de Hispania, Vol. I: Fuentes literarias y epigráficas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 1962; 2nd ed. 1983) SRC_BLÁZQUEZ_RELIGIONES reviewed Pre-Roman and Roman-period Hispanian Indigenous Religion PER_IB_IRON_AGE
2476 Velnias ENT_BALT_VELNIAS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Velnias is the Baltic chthonic deity dwelling below; lord of the dead and cattle, pursued across the sky by Perkūnas in the storm-myth. Marija Gimbutas, The Balts (Thames and Hudson, London, 1963) SRC_GIMBUTAS_BALTS reviewed  
2482 Veles ENT_SLAV_VELES dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Veles is the Slavic chthonic god, lord of the underworld, cattle, and the dead; his opposition to the celestial Perun is the core of the Slavic "basic myth". Aleksander Brückner, Mitologia Słowiańska i Polska (Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza, Krakow, 1918; repr. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw, 1980) SRC_BRUCKNER_SLAVIC_MYTH reviewed  
3539 Pluto/Dis Pater ENT_ROM_PLUTO rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Pluto/Dis Pater rules the underworld. Georg Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer (2nd ed., Munich, 1912) SRC_WISSOWA_RKR reviewed  
3541 Veiovis ENT_ROM_VEIOVIS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Veiovis, a chthonic "anti-Jupiter". Georg Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer (2nd ed., Munich, 1912) SRC_WISSOWA_RKR reviewed  
3542 Laverna ENT_ROM_LAVERNA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Laverna, chthonic goddess of thieves. Georg Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer (2nd ed., Munich, 1912) SRC_WISSOWA_RKR reviewed  
3589 Vanth ENT_ETR_VANTH dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Vanth, psychopomp of the underworld. De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN reviewed  
3590 Culsu ENT_ETR_CULSU dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Culsu, underworld gate-demon. De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN reviewed  
3593 Vetis ENT_ETR_VETIS dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Vetis, a chthonic underworld deity. The Liver of Piacenza (bronze model liver, c. 100 BCE) with the names of the Etruscan gods of the templum SRC_LIVER_PIACENZA reviewed  
3595 Mantus ENT_ETR_MANTUS rules Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Mantus, underworld god. De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN reviewed  
3620 Donn ENT_CEL_DONN dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Donn rules Tech Duinn, the house of the dead. James MacKillop, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (Oxford University Press, 1998) SRC_MACKILLOP_CELTIC reviewed  
3621 Tethra ENT_CEL_TETHRA dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Tethra, Fomorian ruler of the dead in Mag Mell. James MacKillop, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (Oxford University Press, 1998) SRC_MACKILLOP_CELTIC reviewed  
3693 Humut-tabal ENT_MES_HUMUTTABAL dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD low The ferryman dwells in the underworld (in Ereshkigal's service). Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3927 Belet-seri ENT_MES_BELET_SERI belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Scribe of the underworld keeping the register of the dead Andrew R. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, 2 vols. (Oxford University Press, 2003) SRC_GEORGE_GILGAMESH reviewed  
3929 Edimmu ENT_MES_EDIMMU belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high The restless ghost of the improperly buried dead Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3931 Enmesharra ENT_MES_ENMESHARRA belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high A primordial dead god of the underworld W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Creation Myths (Eisenbrauns, 2013) SRC_LAMBERT_BCM reviewed  
3933 Ennugi ENT_MES_ENNUGI belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium The canal inspector with underworld associations at Nippur Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3935 Geshtinanna ENT_MES_GESHTINANNA belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Substitutes for Dumuzi and dwells in the underworld Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3937 Hushbishag ENT_MES_HUSHBISHAG belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Stewardess of the underworld in the court of Ereshkigal Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
3948 Neti ENT_MES_NETI dwells_in Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high The chief gatekeeper of the underworld Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature SRC_ETCSL reviewed  
3950 Ningishzida ENT_MES_NINGISHZIDA belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high A chthonic god of the underworld threshold Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature SRC_ETCSL reviewed  
3962 Utukku ENT_MES_UTUKKU belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium Spirits including restless ghosts from the underworld Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
4077 Ningirida ENT_MES_NINGIRIDA belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD medium She belongs to the chthonic family of Ninazu and Ningishzida. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
4084 Nungal ENT_MES_NUNGAL belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD low She is sometimes associated with the underworld. Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia SRC_BLACK_GREEN_MESO reviewed  
4135 Lagamal ENT_ELAM_LAGAMAL belongs_to_realm Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Lagamal was an underworld deity associated with judgment of the dead at Susa. Wouter F. M. Henkelman, The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite-Iranian Acculturation (Achaemenid History XIV, NINO 2008) SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM reviewed  
5988 Lelwani ENT_HTT_LELWANI presides_over Underworld ENT_UNDERWORLD high Lelwani rules the underworld and the dead. Piotr Taracha, Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia (Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 27; Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2009) SRC_TARACHA_ANATOLIA reviewed  

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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
   [relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
   [subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
   [object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);
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