Relationships
Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb
- subject_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
- relationship_type
- {'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
- object_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
- confidence
- {'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
- rationale
- {'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
- source_id
- {'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
- period_id
- {'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}
126 rows where relationship_type = "equated_with"
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Suggested facets: confidence, review_status, period_id
| relationship_id ▼ | subject_entity_id | relationship_type | object_entity_id | confidence | rationale | source_id | review_status | period_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1283 | Anthropos ENT_GNO_ANTHROPOS | equated_with | Anthropos ENT_HER_ANTHROPOS | medium | Gnostic Anthropos and Hermetic Anthropos are equated as primordial human archetypes in comparative tradition. | Bentley Layton, The Gnostic Scriptures SRC_LAYTON_GNOSTIC | reviewed | |
| 1284 | The One ENT_HER_THE_ONE | equated_with | Monad ENT_GNO_MONAD | medium | Hermetic The One and Gnostic Monad equated as supreme unity/source across Hermetic and Gnostic contexts. | Corpus Hermeticum SRC_CORPUS_HERMETICUM | reviewed | |
| 1286 | Planetary Rulers ENT_LAT_PLANETARY_RULERS | equated_with | Archons ENT_GNO_ARCHONS | medium | Late Antique planetary rulers equated structurally with Gnostic archontic cosmic governance. | Iamblichus, De Mysteriis SRC_IAMBLICHUS_DE_MYSTERIIS | reviewed | |
| 1287 | Anthropos ENT_VAL_ANTHROPOS | equated_with | Anthropos ENT_HER_ANTHROPOS | medium | Valentinian Anthropos equated with Hermetic Anthropos as primordial human archetype. | Bentley Layton, The Gnostic Scriptures SRC_LAYTON_GNOSTIC | reviewed | |
| 1288 | Adam Kadmon ENT_JM_ADAM_KADMON | equated_with | Anthropos ENT_GNO_ANTHROPOS | medium | Adam Kadmon equated structurally with the Gnostic primordial human (Anthropos) pattern. | Gershom Scholem, Kabbalah SRC_SCHOLEM_KABBALAH | reviewed | |
| 1289 | Adam Kadmon ENT_JM_ADAM_KADMON | equated_with | Anthropos ENT_VAL_ANTHROPOS | medium | Adam Kadmon equated structurally with the Valentinian Anthropos. | Gershom Scholem, Kabbalah SRC_SCHOLEM_KABBALAH | reviewed | |
| 1290 | Adam Kadmon ENT_JM_ADAM_KADMON | equated_with | Anthropos ENT_HER_ANTHROPOS | medium | Adam Kadmon equated structurally with the Hermetic Anthropos. | Gershom Scholem, Kabbalah SRC_SCHOLEM_KABBALAH | reviewed | |
| 1291 | Light Mind ENT_MANICH_LIGHT_MIND | equated_with | Nous ENT_GNO_NOUS | medium | Manichaean Light Mind equated with Gnostic Nous as divine intellect/mind principle. | Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China SRC_LIEU_MANICHAEISM | reviewed | |
| 1292 | Light Mind ENT_MANICH_LIGHT_MIND | equated_with | Nous ENT_VAL_NOUS | medium | Manichaean Light Mind equated with Valentinian Nous as divine intellect/mind principle. | Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China SRC_LIEU_MANICHAEISM | reviewed | |
| 1293 | Light Mind ENT_MANICH_LIGHT_MIND | equated_with | Nous ENT_HER_NOUS | medium | Manichaean Light Mind equated with Hermetic Nous as divine intellect/mind principle. | Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China SRC_LIEU_MANICHAEISM | reviewed | |
| 1639 | Tabiti ENT_SCYTH_TABITI | equated_with | Hestia ENT_HESTIA | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Hestia they call Tabiti" — explicit equation; Tabiti as fire-goddess is the most natural parallel to Hestia | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | reviewed | Archaic Scythian PER_SCYTH_ARCHAIC |
| 1640 | Papaeus ENT_SCYTH_PAPAEUS | equated_with | Zeus ENT_ZEUS | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Zeus Papaeus" — Herodotus notes this equation with unusual approbation ("very rightly in my judgment") | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | reviewed | Archaic Scythian PER_SCYTH_ARCHAIC |
| 1641 | Api ENT_SCYTH_API | equated_with | Gaia ENT_GAIA | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59.2: "Earth Api" — explicit equation; Api as earth-wife of Papaeus/Zeus | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | reviewed | Archaic Scythian PER_SCYTH_ARCHAIC |
| 1780 | Maponos ENT_CEL_MAPONOS | equated_with | Apollo ENT_ROM_APOLLO | high | Olmsted (1994) pp. 341-344: Romano-Celtic inscriptions at Ribchester, Corbridge, and Hexham record dedications to "Apollo Maponos"; Maponos is consistently equated with Roman Apollo in the northern British and Gaulish inscription record. | Olmsted, Garrett. The Gods of the Celts and the Indo-Europeans (Archaeolingua, 1994) SRC_OLMSTED_GODS_CELTS | approved | |
| 2076 | Harakhty ENT_EGY_HARAKHTY | equated_with | Ra ENT_EGY_RA | high | Ra-Harakhty is the standard syncretic form combining Ra and Harakhty into a composite solar deity; the two names are fused from the New Kingdom onward and treated as a single divine entity. Wilkinson, Complete Gods, pp. 205-207. | Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt SRC_WILKINSON_EGYPTIAN_GODS | approved | |
| 2079 | Heryshaf ENT_EGY_HERYSHAF | equated_with | Ra ENT_EGY_RA | high | Heryshaf (Ḥry-šf) was identified with Ra as a creator and solar deity; his epithet "he who is upon his lake" evokes the primordial solar mound. Wilkinson, Complete Gods, p. 161. | Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt SRC_WILKINSON_EGYPTIAN_GODS | approved | |
| 2080 | Heryshaf ENT_EGY_HERYSHAF | equated_with | Osiris ENT_EGY_OSIRIS | high | Heryshaf was also identified with Osiris as a deity of death and resurrection; his ram-form links him to the ba (soul) traditions centred on Osiris. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology, p. 108. | Geraldine Pinch, Egyptian Mythology SRC_PINCH_EGYPTIAN_MYTH | approved | |
| 2082 | Banebdjedet ENT_EGY_BANEBDJEDET | equated_with | Ra ENT_EGY_RA | high | Banebdjedet is one of the four rams who collectively embody the souls (bau) of Ra, Osiris, Shu, and Geb; as the ba of Ra he is identified with the creator sun god. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology, p. 106. | Geraldine Pinch, Egyptian Mythology SRC_PINCH_EGYPTIAN_MYTH | approved | |
| 2093 | Iah ENT_EGY_IAH | equated_with | Khonsu ENT_EGY_KHONSU | high | Iah (Jꜥḥ, "Moon") is the personification of the moon itself; he was frequently assimilated with Khonsu as lunar deity and could be depicted carrying the crescent. Wilkinson, Complete Gods, p. 112. | Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt SRC_WILKINSON_EGYPTIAN_GODS | approved | |
| 2094 | Iah ENT_EGY_IAH | equated_with | Thoth ENT_EGY_THOTH | high | Iah was also identified with Thoth as a lunar deity; Thoth as god of time and the calendar was associated with the moon, and Iah's function overlaps. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology, p. 170. | Geraldine Pinch, Egyptian Mythology SRC_PINCH_EGYPTIAN_MYTH | approved | |
| 2103 | Sun Goddess of Arinna ENT_HTT_ARINNA | equated_with | Hepat ENT_HTT_HEPAT | high | The Sun Goddess of Arinna and the Hurrian goddess Hepat (sun goddess of the Hurrians) were identified in the syncretic Hittite-Hurrian theology of the Late Bronze Age. Hoffner, Hittite Myths, p. 41. | Harry A. Hoffner Jr., Hittite Myths, 2nd ed. (Society of Biblical Literature, 1998) SRC_HOFFNER_HITTITE_MYTHS | approved | |
| 2110 | Artimpasa ENT_SCYTH_ARTIMPASA | equated_with | Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59: the Scythians call Aphrodite Urania (Heavenly Aphrodite) "Artimpasa"; she is one of the primary Scythian deities. | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | approved | |
| 2112 | Oetosyrus / Goitosyrus ENT_SCYTH_OETOSYRUS | equated_with | Apollo ENT_APOLLO | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59: the Scythians identify their god Oetosyrus (also spelled Goitosyrus) with Apollo; he is a solar and arrow deity. | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | approved | |
| 2114 | Sword Ares (Akinakes cult) ENT_SCYTH_SWORD_ARES | equated_with | Ares ENT_ARES | high | Herodotus Histories 4.62: each Scythian district maintained a mound of brushwood topped with an ancient iron sword (the akinakes) as the cult image of Ares; prisoners of war were sacrificed to it. | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | approved | |
| 2116 | Thagimasadas ENT_SCYTH_THAGIMASADAS | equated_with | Poseidon ENT_POSEIDON | high | Herodotus Histories 4.59: only the Royal Scythians worship Thagimasadas, whom they identify with Poseidon; he is not sacrificed to by common Scythians. | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | approved | |
| 2173 | Bendis ENT_BENDIS | equated_with | Artemis ENT_ARTEMIS | high | Plato Republic 327a: the opening scene describes the festival of Bendis in Piraeus; she was a Thracian goddess equated with Artemis by Athenian interpreters and admitted to the Piraeus cult in the 5th c. BCE. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2174 | Bendis ENT_BENDIS | equated_with | Selene ENT_SELENE | medium | Bendis the Thracian moon goddess was equated not only with Artemis but also with Selene as a lunar deity; her torch-bearing cult imagery overlaps with Selene's iconography. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2175 | Mên ENT_M_N | equated_with | Selene ENT_SELENE | medium | Mên is an Anatolian moon god absorbed into Hellenistic Greek worship; as a lunar deity he is conventionally associated with Selene and the Greek moon tradition. His cult was centred in Phrygia and Lydia but spread to Attica and Phrygia. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2180 | Cotys ENT_COTYS | equated_with | Rhea ENT_RHEA | high | Strabo Geography 10.3.15: Cotys (Kotyto) is a Thracian mystery goddess whose ecstatic rites were identified with those of Rhea-Kybele; she was the patron of the Cotyttia festival. | Pausanias, Description of Greece (c. 143-176 CE); trans. W.H.S. Jones (Loeb Classical Library, Harvard 1918-1935) SRC_PAUSANIAS_DESCRIPTION | approved | |
| 2189 | Eros Primordial ENT_EROS_PRIMORDIAL | equated_with | Phanes ENT_PHANES | high | In Orphic theogony, the primordial Eros (Protogonus) who hatches from the world-egg is identified with Phanes, the first-born god of light; both names refer to the same primordial creative force. Theoi Daimones. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2260 | ʿAmm ENT_SAB_AMM | equated_with | Sin ENT_SIN | medium | ʿAmm is a South Arabian (Qatabanian) moon deity; his name means "Paternal Uncle" and he is the chief deity of the Qatabanian kingdom. He is identified with the broader Semitic moon-god tradition represented by Sin/Nanna in Mesopotamia. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2261 | Shams ENT_SAB_SHAMS | equated_with | Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH | medium | Shams is the South Arabian sun deity (the name cognate with Semitic šmš, "sun"); she is identified with the Semitic solar deity tradition represented by Utu/Shamash in Mesopotamia and with the South Arabian solar goddess tradition. | Theoi Daemones/personifications index SRC_THEOI_DAIMONES | approved | |
| 2318 | Bendis ENT_BENDIS | equated_with | Hecate ENT_HECATE | medium | Thracian Bendis is equated with Hecate in some ancient sources alongside the primary Artemis equation; both are nocturnal lunar hunting deities. Archibald (1998) ch. 8 notes the Hecate equation in Athenian votive material. Confidence medium: Artemis equation is primary, Hecate secondary. | Zosia H. Archibald, The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998) SRC_ARCHIBALD_ODRYSIAN | reviewed | Thracian Iron Age and Classical Period PER_THRA_IRON_AGE |
| 2503 | Taranis ENT_CEL_TARANIS | equated_with | Jupiter ENT_ROM_JUPITER | high | Taranis is equated with Jupiter in the ancient sources (Lucan; dedications to Iupiter Taranucus/Taranis). | Miranda Green, Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend SRC_GREEN_CELTIC_GODS | reviewed | |
| 2506 | Lugus ENT_CEL_LUGUS | equated_with | Mercury ENT_ROM_MERCURY | high | Lugus is the Gaulish god Caesar describes as "Mercury, the most honoured god of Gaul", inventor of all arts and patron of trade; the toponym Lugdunum (Lyon) marks his cult. | Miranda Green, Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend SRC_GREEN_CELTIC_GODS | reviewed | |
| 3813 | Odin ENT_NOR_ODIN | equated_with | Mercury ENT_ROM_MERCURY | high | Interpretatio romana: Tacitus (Germania 9; Annals 13.57) names the chief Germanic god "Mercury"; confirmed by the weekday calque dies Mercurii -> Wodnesdaeg (Wednesday). | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3814 | Tyr ENT_NOR_TYR | equated_with | Mars ENT_ROM_MARS | high | Interpretatio romana: Tacitus (Germania 9) gives "Mars" for the war-god Tiwaz/Tyr; weekday calque dies Martis -> Tiwesdaeg (Tuesday). | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3815 | Thor ENT_NOR_THOR | equated_with | Heracles ENT_HERACLES | high | Interpretatio romana: Tacitus (Germania 9) names "Hercules" among the Germanic gods, read by scholars as Thor/Donar on the basis of strength and the club/hammer champion-motif. | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3816 | Thor ENT_NOR_THOR | equated_with | Jupiter ENT_ROM_JUPITER | high | Interpretatio germanica: the weekday calque dies Iovis -> Thunresdaeg (Thursday) equates the thunderer Donar/Thor with Jupiter Tonans. (A distinct basis from the Tacitean Hercules link.) | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3817 | Frigg ENT_NOR_FRIGG | equated_with | Venus ENT_ROM_VENUS | high | Interpretatio germanica: the weekday calque dies Veneris -> Frigedaeg (Friday) renders Venus with the chief goddess Frija/Frigg. | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3818 | Nerthus ENT_NOR_NERTHUS | equated_with | Tellus ENT_ROM_TELLUS | high | Tacitus (Germania 40) explicitly: "Nerthum, id est Terram matrem" — Nerthus is Mother Earth (Roman Terra Mater / Tellus). | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 3819 | The Alcis ENT_NOR_ALCIS | equated_with | Dioscuri ENT_DIOSCURI | high | Tacitus (Germania 43): the Nahanarvali twins are, "by Roman interpretation," Castor and Pollux (the Dioscuri). | Tacitus, Germania (De origine et situ Germanorum), c. 98 CE SRC_TACITUS_GERMANIA | reviewed | |
| 4119 | Pinikir ENT_ELAM_PINIKIR | equated_with | Inanna/Ishtar ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR | high | Pinikir shares the 'mistress of heaven'/Venus profile of Inanna-Ishtar and is equated with her in god lists. | Wouter F. M. Henkelman, The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite-Iranian Acculturation (Achaemenid History XIV, NINO 2008) SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM | reviewed | |
| 4120 | Pinikir ENT_ELAM_PINIKIR | equated_with | Ninsianna ENT_MES_NINSIANNA | high | Emar/Mesopotamian god lists directly equate Pinikir with Ninsianna, the Venus deity. | Wouter F. M. Henkelman, The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite-Iranian Acculturation (Achaemenid History XIV, NINO 2008) SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM | reviewed | |
| 4122 | Simut ENT_ELAM_SIMUT | equated_with | Nergal ENT_MES_NERGAL | high | Simut, the Elamite herald/warrior god of Mars, is the recognized counterpart of Mesopotamian Nergal. | Wouter F. M. Henkelman, The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite-Iranian Acculturation (Achaemenid History XIV, NINO 2008) SRC_HENKELMAN_ELAM | reviewed | |
| 4125 | Nahhunte ENT_ELAM_NAHHUNTE | equated_with | Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH | high | Nahhunte is the Elamite sun god and justice-guarantor, counterpart of Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash. | Daniel T. Potts, The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State (Cambridge World Archaeology; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999) SRC_POTTS_ELAM | reviewed | |
| 4291 | Dushara ENT_ARA_DUSHARA | equated_with | Dionysus ENT_DIONYSUS | high | Greek/Roman sources identify Dushara with Dionysus (interpretatio graeca). | John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION | reviewed | |
| 4293 | Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT | equated_with | Athena ENT_ATHENA | high | Allat is identified with armed Athena at Palmyra and Petra. | John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION | reviewed | |
| 4294 | Al-Uzza ENT_ARA_AL_UZZA | equated_with | Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE | high | Al-Uzza is equated with Aphrodite in Greek identifications. | John F. Healey, The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus (Leiden: Brill, 2001) SRC_HEALEY_NABATAEAN_RELIGION | reviewed | |
| 4357 | Mahrem ENT_AKS_MAHREM | equated_with | Ares ENT_ARES | high | Ezana's Greek inscription equates Mahrem with Ares. | Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity SRC_MUNRO_HAY_AKSUM | reviewed | |
| 4359 | Astar ENT_AKS_ASTAR | equated_with | Athtar ENT_SAB_ATHTAR | high | Aksumite Astar is the reflex of South-Arabian ʿAthtar. | Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity SRC_MUNRO_HAY_AKSUM | reviewed | |
| 4379 | Allat of Palmyra ENT_ARA_ALLAT_PALMYRA | equated_with | Al-Lat ENT_ARA_ALLAT | high | The Palmyrene Allat is the local cult form of the wider Arab goddess Al-Lat. | Javier Teixidor, The Pantheon of Palmyra SRC_TEIXIDOR_PALMYRA | reviewed | |
| 4381 | Sin of Harran ENT_ARA_SIN_HARRAN | equated_with | Nanna/Sin ENT_MES_NANNA_SIN | high | The Harranian Sin is the same moon god as Mesopotamian Nanna/Sin, transmitted into the Aramean north. | Edward Lipiński, The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 100; Peeters, Leuven, 2000) SRC_LIPINSKI_ARAMEANS | reviewed | |
| 4430 | Zibelthiurdos ENT_THRA_ZIBELTHIURDOS | equated_with | Zeus ENT_ZEUS | medium | Inscriptions assimilate the Thracian storm-god Zibelthiurdos to Zeus/Jupiter. | R. F. Hoddinott, The Thracians SRC_HODDINOTT_THRACIANS | reviewed | |
| 4459 | Beher ENT_AKS_BEHER | equated_with | Poseidon ENT_POSEIDON | high | Ezana's bilingual inscription renders the sea-god Beher as Poseidon — an ancient interpretatio in the source itself. | Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity SRC_MUNRO_HAY_AKSUM | reviewed | |
| 5993 | Baalat Gebal ENT_PHO_BAALAT_GEBAL | equated_with | Hathor ENT_EGY_HATHOR | low | Egyptianizing iconography at Byblos led to her identification with Hathor. | Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (KAI), ed. Donner & Röllig SRC_KAI | reviewed | |
| 5997 | Shadrapa ENT_PHO_SHADRAPA | equated_with | Bacchus/Liber ENT_ROM_BACCHUS | medium | In Punic Africa Shadrapa was equated with Liber/Dionysus (Latino-Punic dedications at Lepcis Magna). | Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (KAI), ed. Donner & Röllig SRC_KAI | reviewed | |
| 5999 | Tanit ENT_PHO_TANIT | equated_with | Juno ENT_ROM_JUNO | high | Tanit was identified by Romans as Juno Caelestis (the celestial Juno), interpretatio Romana of the chief goddess of Carthage. | Glenn Markoe, Phoenicians (London: British Museum Press / University of California Press, 2000) SRC_MARKOE_PHOENICIANS | reviewed | |
| 6000 | Adonis ENT_PHO_ADONIS | equated_with | Dumuzi/Tammuz ENT_MES_DUMUZI_TAMMUZ | high | The dying-and-rising vegetation god Adonis of Byblos is the West-Semitic continuation/cognate of the Mesopotamian Dumuzi/Tammuz dying-shepherd complex. | Philo of Byblos, Phoenician History (Sanchuniathon), via Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica 1.9-10 SRC_PHILO_BYBLOS | reviewed | |
| 6001 | Melqart ENT_PHO_MELQART | equated_with | Heracles ENT_HERACLES | high | Melqart of Tyre was identified with Heracles throughout the Greco-Roman world (Herodotus 2.44, the 'Tyrian Heracles'). | Herodotus, Histories (c. 430 BCE) SRC_HERODOTUS_HISTORIES | reviewed | |
| 6014 | Turms ENT_ETR_TURMS | equated_with | Hermes ENT_HERMES | high | Turms is the Etruscan Hermes/Mercury (messenger and psychopomp); the ancient-interpretatio equated_with form. | De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN | reviewed | |
| 6016 | Culsans ENT_ETR_CULSANS | equated_with | Janus ENT_ROM_JANUS | high | Culsans is the two-faced Etruscan gate/threshold god, the direct counterpart of Janus (Cortona city gate). | De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006) SRC_DEGRUMMOND_ETRUSCAN | reviewed | |
| 6623 | Michael / Adam (LDS) ENT_LDS_MICHAEL_ADAM | equated_with | Michael the Archangel ENT_SAINT_MICHAEL_CHR | high | LDS scripture explicitly equates the archangel Michael with Adam (D&C 116; 107:54); links to the Christian archangel Michael as the equated figure. | Doctrine and Covenants (LDS canonical scripture, 1835–) SRC_LDS_DC | reviewed | |
| 6631 | Shamash (the Sun) of Harran ENT_HRN_SHAMASH_SUN | equated_with | Utu/Shamash ENT_MES_UTU_SHAMASH | high | The Harranian Sun-deity is the late continuation of Mesopotamian Utu/Shamash (ancient identification / cult continuity; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6632 | Shamash (the Sun) of Harran ENT_HRN_SHAMASH_SUN | equated_with | Helios ENT_HELIOS | high | Greco-Roman sources and the Sabians themselves identified the Harranian Sun with Helios (interpretatio; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6635 | Sin (the Moon) of Harran [Sabian cult-phase] ENT_HRN_SIN_MOON | equated_with | Nanna/Sin ENT_MES_NANNA_SIN | high | The Harranian Moon-god derives from and is identified with Mesopotamian Nanna/Sin (cult continuity; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6636 | Sin (the Moon) of Harran [Sabian cult-phase] ENT_HRN_SIN_MOON | equated_with | Selene ENT_SELENE | high | Greco-Roman interpretatio identified the Harranian Moon with Selene (Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6638 | Kronos (Saturn) of Harran ENT_HRN_KRONOS_SATURN | equated_with | Kronos ENT_KRONOS | high | The Harranian Saturn-deity is explicitly identified with Greek Kronos (interpretatio; Fihrist, Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6639 | Kronos (Saturn) of Harran ENT_HRN_KRONOS_SATURN | equated_with | Ninurta ENT_MES_NINURTA | medium | Saturn in the Mesopotamian-Harranian astral scheme corresponds to Ninurta/Ninib (planetary identification; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6641 | Zeus (Jupiter / Bel) of Harran ENT_HRN_ZEUS_JUPITER | equated_with | Zeus ENT_ZEUS | high | The Harranian Jupiter-deity is identified with Greek Zeus (interpretatio; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6642 | Zeus (Jupiter / Bel) of Harran ENT_HRN_ZEUS_JUPITER | equated_with | Marduk ENT_MES_MARDUK | medium | Jupiter in the Mesopotamian-Harranian astral scheme corresponds to Marduk/Bel (planetary identification; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6644 | Ares (Mars / Nergal) of Harran ENT_HRN_ARES_MARS | equated_with | Ares ENT_ARES | high | The Harranian Mars-deity is identified with Greek Ares (interpretatio; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6645 | Ares (Mars / Nergal) of Harran ENT_HRN_ARES_MARS | equated_with | Nergal ENT_MES_NERGAL | high | Mars in the Mesopotamian-Harranian astral scheme is Nergal, god of war and the underworld (planetary identification; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6647 | Aphrodite (Venus / Ishtar) of Harran ENT_HRN_APHRODITE_VENUS | equated_with | Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE | high | The Harranian Venus-deity is identified with Greek Aphrodite (interpretatio; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6648 | Aphrodite (Venus / Ishtar) of Harran ENT_HRN_APHRODITE_VENUS | equated_with | Inanna/Ishtar ENT_MES_INANNA_ISHTAR | high | Venus in the Mesopotamian-Harranian astral scheme is Inanna/Ishtar, the planet's ancient owner (planetary identification; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6650 | Hermes-Nabu (Mercury) of Harran ENT_HRN_HERMES_MERCURY | equated_with | Hermes ENT_HERMES | high | The Harranian Mercury-deity is identified with Greek Hermes (interpretatio; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6651 | Hermes-Nabu (Mercury) of Harran ENT_HRN_HERMES_MERCURY | equated_with | Nabu ENT_MES_NABU | high | Mercury in the Mesopotamian-Harranian astral scheme is Nabu, scribal god of wisdom (planetary identification; Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6654 | Hermes Trismegistus (=Idris) as Harranian Prophet-Sage ENT_HRN_HERMES_TRISMEGISTUS | equated_with | Idris ENT_ISL_IDRIS | high | Harranian and Islamic sources identified the prophet Hermes with Qur'anic Idris (=Enoch), which secured the Sabians' protected status under Islam (Green). | Tamara M. Green, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran SRC_GREEN_MOON_GOD | reviewed | |
| 6861 | Shema (the One God of the Samaritans) ENT_SAM_SHEMA | equated_with | Yahweh ENT_ISR_YAHWEH | high | The one God of the Samaritans is the same God of Israel (Yahweh/the tetragrammaton); a shared Israelite deity worshipped under a distinct Gerizim cult. | Reinhard Pummer, The Samaritans: A Profile (Eerdmans, 2016) SRC_PUMMER_SAMARITANS | reviewed | |
| 7253 | Leontocephaline (Lion-headed Time-God) ENT_MITH_LEONTOCEPHALINE | equated_with | Aion ENT_SYN_AION | medium | The lion-headed Mithraic time-god is widely identified with Aion (and Zurvan), a god of eternity/unbounded time. Interpretatio is scholarly-attested but debated. Clauss ch.13. | Roger Beck, The Religion of the Mithras Cult in the Roman Empire: Mysteries of the Unconquered Sun (Oxford 2006) SRC_BECK_MITHRAS | reviewed | |
| 7264 | Kuvava (Kybebe) ENT_LYD_KUVAVA | equated_with | Kubaba ENT_LUW_KUBABA | high | Lydian Kuvava continues the name and figure of the Luwian/Neo-Hittite Kubaba of Carchemish. | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7265 | Santas (Sandon) ENT_LYD_SANTAS | equated_with | Santa ENT_LUW_SANTA | high | Lydian Santas is the western-Anatolian continuation of the Luwian war/plague god Santa (ancestor of Cilician Sandas). | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7266 | Santas (Sandon) ENT_LYD_SANTAS | equated_with | Heracles ENT_HERACLES | high | Greeks interpreted the club-bearing Lydian Santas/Sandon as Heracles, grounding the Heraclid dynasty of Sardis (interpretatio Graeca; Munn 2006). | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7267 | Artimus ENT_LYD_ARTIMUS | equated_with | Artemis ENT_ARTEMIS | high | Lydian Artimus is the local form regularly equated with Greek Artemis on phonetic and functional grounds. | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7268 | Pldans ENT_LYD_PLDANS | equated_with | Apollo ENT_APOLLO | medium | Pldans is conventionally identified with Greek Apollo by name and protective/oracular function. | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7269 | Lametrus ENT_LYD_LAMETRUS | equated_with | Demeter ENT_DEMETER | medium | Lydian Lametrus is identified with Greek Demeter by name and agrarian grain function. | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7271 | Kandaules ENT_LYD_KANDAULES | equated_with | Hermes ENT_HERMES | medium | Hipponax reports Kandaules ('dog-throttler') as a Lydian title of Hermes, a guardian/psychopomp figure. | Munn, Mark. The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (University of California Press, 2006) SRC_MUNN_MOTHER_GODS | reviewed | |
| 7279 | Trqqas ENT_LYC_TRQQAS | equated_with | Tarhunz ENT_LUW_TARHUNZ | high | Trqqas is the Lycian reflex of the Luwian storm-god Tarhunz (interpretatio across the Luwic continuum). | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7280 | Trqqas ENT_LYC_TRQQAS | equated_with | Tarhunna ENT_HTT_TARHUNNA | medium | Trqqas continues the wider Anatolian storm-god Tarhunt, of which Hittite Tarhunna is the cognate. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7281 | Trqqas ENT_LYC_TRQQAS | equated_with | Zeus ENT_ZEUS | medium | As the chief Anatolian storm/sky-god, Trqqas was identified with Zeus in Greek interpretatio of Lycian cult. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7282 | Natri ENT_LYC_NATRI | equated_with | Apollo ENT_APOLLO | high | Natri is identified with Apollo in the Lycian-Greek bilingual inscriptions and coinage. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7284 | Eni Mahanahi ENT_LYC_ENI_MAHANAHI | equated_with | Cybele ENT_CYBELE | high | Eni Mahanahi, 'Mother of the Gods', corresponds to the Anatolian Mother Goddess Cybele. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7286 | Kakasbos ENT_LYC_KAKASBOS | equated_with | Heracles ENT_HERACLES | high | The club-bearing rider-god Kakasbos was assimilated to Heracles in Roman-era Lycia and Pisidia. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7287 | Sozon ENT_LYC_SOZON | equated_with | Apollo ENT_APOLLO | medium | The savior rider-god Sozon was identified with Apollo (Helios) in Anatolian votive dedications. | Bryce, Trevor R. The Lycians: A Study of Lycian History and Civilisation to the Conquest of Macedonia (Vol. 1, The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources) SRC_BRYCE_LYCIANS | reviewed | |
| 7299 | Zeus Osogo (Zenoposeidon) ENT_CAR_ZEUS_OSOGO | equated_with | Poseidon ENT_POSEIDON | high | Zeus Osogo bore the title Zenoposeidon and combined attributes (trident with eagle, saltwater spring) of Poseidon, an ancient interpretatio fusing Zeus and Poseidon. | Alfred Laumonier, Les cultes indigènes en Carie (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome 188, Paris, 1958) SRC_LAUMONIER_CARIE | reviewed | |
| 7305 | Zeus-Oromasdes ENT_COMM_ZEUS_OROMASDES | equated_with | Zeus ENT_ZEUS | high | Ancient interpretatio: the theonym Zeus-Oromasdes explicitly equates the Commagenian supreme god with Greek Zeus. | Versluys, M.J. — Visual Style and Constructing Identity in the Hellenistic World: Nemrud Dag and Commagene under Antiochos I (Cambridge, 2017) SRC_VERSLUYS_COMMAGENE | reviewed | |
| 7306 | Zeus-Oromasdes ENT_COMM_ZEUS_OROMASDES | equated_with | Ahura Mazda ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA | high | Ancient interpretatio: Oromasdes is the Hellenized form of Iranian Ahura Mazda, fused with Zeus in the Commagenian theonym. | Versluys, M.J. — Visual Style and Constructing Identity in the Hellenistic World: Nemrud Dag and Commagene under Antiochos I (Cambridge, 2017) SRC_VERSLUYS_COMMAGENE | reviewed | |
| 7307 | Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes ENT_COMM_APOLLO_MITHRAS_HELIOS_HERMES | equated_with | Apollo ENT_APOLLO | high | Ancient interpretatio: the composite theonym explicitly identifies the Commagenian solar god with Greek Apollo. | Versluys, M.J. — Visual Style and Constructing Identity in the Hellenistic World: Nemrud Dag and Commagene under Antiochos I (Cambridge, 2017) SRC_VERSLUYS_COMMAGENE | reviewed | |
| 7308 | Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes ENT_COMM_APOLLO_MITHRAS_HELIOS_HERMES | equated_with | Mithra ENT_ZOR_MITHRA | high | Ancient interpretatio: the Mithras element of the composite theonym derives from Iranian Mithra of the Zoroastrian tradition. | Versluys, M.J. — Visual Style and Constructing Identity in the Hellenistic World: Nemrud Dag and Commagene under Antiochos I (Cambridge, 2017) SRC_VERSLUYS_COMMAGENE | reviewed | |
| 7310 | Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes ENT_COMM_APOLLO_MITHRAS_HELIOS_HERMES | equated_with | Helios ENT_HELIOS | high | Ancient interpretatio: the Helios element of the composite theonym identifies the god with the Greek sun god. | Versluys, M.J. — Visual Style and Constructing Identity in the Hellenistic World: Nemrud Dag and Commagene under Antiochos I (Cambridge, 2017) SRC_VERSLUYS_COMMAGENE | reviewed |
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