Relationships
Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb
- subject_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
- relationship_type
- {'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
- object_entity_id
- {'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
- confidence
- {'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
- rationale
- {'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
- source_id
- {'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
- period_id
- {'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}
24 rows where source_id = "SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS"
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Suggested facets: subject_entity_id, relationship_type, object_entity_id, confidence, period_id
| relationship_id ▼ | subject_entity_id | relationship_type | object_entity_id | confidence | rationale | source_id | review_status | period_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 881 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Ameretat ENT_ZOR_AMERETAT | high | Ameretat is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 882 | Ahura Mazda ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA | opposes | Angra Mainyu ENT_ZOR_ANGRA_MAINYU | high | Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu stand in cosmic opposition. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 883 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Asha Vahishta ENT_ZOR_ASHA_VAHISHTA | high | Asha Vahishta is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 884 | Ahura Mazda ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA | creator_of | Creation ENT_CREATION | high | Ahura Mazda is creator in Zoroastrian theology. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 886 | Fravashis ENT_ZOR_FRAVASHIS | embodies | Dead ENT_DEAD | medium | Fravashis are associated with souls/ancestors in Zoroastrian tradition. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 887 | Angra Mainyu ENT_ZOR_ANGRA_MAINYU | deceives_or_tempts | Deception ENT_DECEPTION | medium | Angra Mainyu is associated with destructive falsehood and deception. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 888 | Daevas ENT_ZOR_DAEVAS | deceives_or_tempts | Deception ENT_DECEPTION | high | Daevas are linked to falsehood and wrong worship. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 890 | Daevas ENT_ZOR_DAEVAS | embodies | Evil ENT_EVIL | high | Daevas are hostile spiritual beings in Zoroastrian theology. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 891 | Angra Mainyu ENT_ZOR_ANGRA_MAINYU | embodies | Evil ENT_EVIL | high | Angra Mainyu is the destructive/evil spirit. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 895 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Haurvatat ENT_ZOR_HAURVATAT | high | Haurvatat is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 898 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Khshathra Vairya ENT_ZOR_KHSHATHRA | high | Khshathra Vairya is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 900 | Fravashis ENT_ZOR_FRAVASHIS | patron_of | Protection ENT_PROTECTION | high | Fravashis function as protective spiritual powers. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 904 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Spenta Armaiti ENT_ZOR_SPENTA_ARMATI | high | Spenta Armaiti is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 906 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | has_member | Vohu Manah ENT_ZOR_VOHU_MANAH | high | Vohu Manah is one of the Amesha Spentas. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 909 | Ahura Mazda ENT_ZOR_AHURA_MAZDA | embodies | Wisdom ENT_WISDOM | high | Ahura Mazda is the Wise Lord and supreme source of wisdom. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | |
| 1388 | Angra Mainyu ENT_ZOR_ANGRA_MAINYU | received_as | Satan ENT_ISR_SATAN | medium | In early Hebrew texts, "the satan" (the accuser) is a member of Yahweh's heavenly court (Job 1–2; Zechariah 3:1–2) — not an independent cosmic evil. The development of Satan as an independent adversarial power opposing God (1 Enoch 6–11; Jubilees 10; later Revelation) parallels the Zoroastrian Angra Mainyu (cosmic adversary of Ahura Mazda, independent evil principle). Jews under Persian/Achaemenid rule (6th–4th c. BCE) had direct access to Zoroastrian theology; Boyce and DDD_BIBLE s.v. "Satan" both discuss the probable structural influence. Confidence medium: the development could be endogenous; the influence is probable but not textually demonstrable. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Exilic and Post-Exilic PER_ISR_EXILIC |
| 1389 | Satan ENT_ISR_SATAN | reception_of | Angra Mainyu ENT_ZOR_ANGRA_MAINYU | medium | Satan's development from court accuser to independent cosmic adversary shows probable structural influence from Zoroastrian Angra Mainyu during the Babylonian exile and Persian period. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Exilic and Post-Exilic PER_ISR_EXILIC |
| 1390 | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | received_as | Michael ENT_ISR_MICHAEL | low | The six Amesha Spentas (divine beings surrounding Ahura Mazda, each embodying a virtue) parallel the emergence of named archangels surrounding Yahweh in Second Temple angelology (1 Enoch 20 names seven: Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Saraqael, Raguel, Remiel). Both systems feature a high god surrounded by a council of named divine beings, each with a specific cosmic domain, in traditions that were in direct contact during the Persian period. Michael is cited as the most prominent archangel. Confidence low: the structural parallel is suggestive but the transmission is not textually demonstrable; parallel development is possible. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Second Temple Period PER_ISR_SECOND_TEMPLE |
| 1391 | Michael ENT_ISR_MICHAEL | reception_of | Amesha Spentas ENT_ZOR_AMESHA_SPENTAS | low | Emergence of named archangels (here: Michael as representative) as structural parallel to Amesha Spentas; both systems place named divine councillors around the high god with specific cosmic domains. Low confidence: structural parallel, not proven transmission. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Second Temple Period PER_ISR_SECOND_TEMPLE |
| 1438 | Mithra ENT_ZOR_MITHRA | received_as | Mithras ENT_SYN_MITHRAS | medium | The Roman mystery cult deity Mithras is the reception of the Iranian/Zoroastrian Mithra (Avestan: Miθra, "covenant/contract"). Both are solar-associated figures of light, truth, and the cosmic struggle against darkness. The Roman cult (1st–4th c. CE) shares iconographic elements (Mithra/Mithras slaying a bull; solar associations; military popularity) and the name is directly cognate. Scholarly debate persists on the degree of continuity: Cumont argued direct inheritance from Iranian religion; Ulansey (1989) and Merkelbach (1984) argued for substantial Roman innovation. Medium confidence: the name and some attributes are continuous; the degree of doctrinal transmission is disputed. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Late Antiquity PER_LATE_ANTIQUE |
| 1439 | Mithras ENT_SYN_MITHRAS | reception_of | Mithra ENT_ZOR_MITHRA | medium | Mithras as Roman reception of Zoroastrian/Iranian Mithra; name cognate; solar and covenantal attributes shared; degree of doctrinal continuity debated (Cumont vs. Ulansey). | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Late Antiquity PER_LATE_ANTIQUE |
| 2408 | Asha Vahishta ENT_ZOR_ASHA_VAHISHTA | aligned_with | Uriel ENT_ISR_URIEL | medium | Asha Vahishta ("Best Truth") is the Amesha Spenta of cosmic truth, righteousness, and fire — his physical correlate is Atar (sacred fire), and his domain encompasses the maintenance of cosmic moral and natural order (asha, cognate with Vedic rta). The primary liturgical fire in Zoroastrian temples is dedicated to Asha Vahishta. Uriel ("Fire/Light of God") is the archangel of divine fire and light in Second Temple Judaism: 1 Enoch 20:2 assigns him oversight of "the world and Tartarus"; 4 Ezra 4:1 identifies him as the angel who instructs Ezra in divine mysteries. Both figures govern the domain of divine light/fire as cosmic ordering principle, and both serve as mediators of divine truth to prophets (Zarathustra-Vohu Manah; Ezra-Uriel). The Asha/Uriel alignment is one of the most frequently cited specific Amesha Spenta-archangel parallels in comparative religion scholarship. Boyce, A History of Zoroastrianism (1982) Vol. II, pp. 72-76; Russell, Zoroastrianism in Armenia (1987) pp. 138-142. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Second Temple Period PER_ISR_SECOND_TEMPLE |
| 2409 | Khshathra Vairya ENT_ZOR_KHSHATHRA | aligned_with | Michael ENT_ISR_MICHAEL | medium | Khshathra Vairya ("Desirable Dominion") is the Amesha Spenta of divine sovereignty and the ideal kingdom — the celestial realm that Ahura Mazda's sovereignty constitutes, with sky (heaven) as his physical correlate and metal (the material of weapons, coins, and royal power) as his material correlate. Michael is the archangel of divine sovereignty and the champion of God's people in Second Temple Judaism: Daniel 10:13,21 names him "one of the chief princes" and "your prince"; Daniel 12:1 calls him "the great prince who has charge of your people." Both Khshathra and Michael are specifically associated with divine warfare and the protection/maintenance of the divine kingdom against adversarial powers (Angra Mainyu / the demonic; the nations that threaten Israel). The Khshathra/Michael alignment is the most frequently cited Amesha Spenta-archangel sovereign/warrior parallel. Boyce (1982) pp. 76-79; cf. Collins, Daniel (1993) pp. 374-376. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Second Temple Period PER_ISR_SECOND_TEMPLE |
| 2411 | Haurvatat ENT_ZOR_HAURVATAT | aligned_with | Raphael ENT_ISR_RAPHAEL | medium | Haurvatat ("Wholeness / Health") is the Amesha Spenta of completeness, health, and perfection — his physical correlate is water (the element of purification and life-sustaining wholeness), and his domain encompasses both bodily health and the soteriological completeness of the righteous at the end of time. The name haurvatat is from the root *hauru- "whole, healthy." Raphael ("God has healed") is the healing archangel in Second Temple Jewish tradition: Tobit 12:14-15 identifies Raphael as "one of the seven angels who stand ready and enter before the glory of the Lord" and the angel who healed Tobit's blindness and protected Sarah from the demon Asmodeus; 1 Enoch 10:4-7 assigns Raphael the task of healing the earth after the Watchers' corruption of humanity. Both Haurvatat and Raphael govern the domain of wholeness/health as a divine principle, and both function within a 7-member divine council (6 Amesha Spentas + Ahura Mazda; 7 archangels). The Haurvatat/Raphael alignment is the most frequently noted specific Amesha Spenta-archangel healing parallel in the scholarly literature. Boyce (1982) pp. 77-78; Russell (1987) p. 141. | Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians SRC_BOYCE_ZOROASTRIANS | reviewed | Second Temple Period PER_ISR_SECOND_TEMPLE |
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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
[relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
[subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
[relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
[object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
[confidence] TEXT,
[rationale] TEXT,
[source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
[review_status] TEXT,
[period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);