deitydb: entity_relationships: 19 rows where source_id = "SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS

2,079 typed, source-backed relationships between entities. Each row records a directed relationship (subject → type → object) with a justifying source and rationale note. See relationship_types for the full controlled vocabulary of 70 relationship types. Key types: reception_of / received_as (transmission across traditions), equated_with (interpretatio graeca / analogues), parent_of (genealogy), member_of (collective membership), emanates_from (Gnostic/Neoplatonic structure).

Data license: MIT · Data source: jebboone/deitydb

subject_entity_id: {'description': 'The entity initiating or holding the relationship'}
relationship_type: {'description': 'Typed relationship from the controlled vocabulary (see relationship_types table)'}
object_entity_id: {'description': 'The entity receiving or targeted by the relationship'}
confidence: {'description': 'high / medium / low / speculative'}
rationale: {'description': 'Scholarly justification for the relationship, with source citations'}
source_id: {'description': 'Primary source justifying this relationship'}
period_id: {'description': 'Historical period in which this relationship is attested (null = all periods)'}

19 rows where source_id = "SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS"

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relationship_id ▼	subject_entity_id	relationship_type	object_entity_id	confidence	rationale	source_id	review_status	period_id
1456	Osiris ENT_EGY_OSIRIS	received_as	Serapis ENT_SYN_SERAPIS	high	Serapis was deliberately created by Ptolemy I Soter (c. 286 BCE) as a syncretic fusion of Osiris and the Apis bull, supplemented with Greek attributes of Zeus, Hades, and Asclepius, to serve as a deity unifying Greek and Egyptian subjects of the new kingdom. Plutarch (De Is. ch. 28) documents the Ptolemaic invention; Tacitus (Histories 4.83) records the oracle that directed the creation. The Osirian element — resurrection, afterlife sovereignty, identification with the dead Pharaoh — is the primary Egyptian contribution to the Serapic complex. Highest-confidence Egyptian→syncretic chain in this dataset.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1457	Serapis ENT_SYN_SERAPIS	reception_of	Osiris ENT_EGY_OSIRIS	high	Serapis as the Ptolemaic Greco-Egyptian reception of Osiris; the resurrection and afterlife sovereignty of Osiris are the primary Egyptian contribution to the syncretic Serapic complex.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1458	Horus ENT_EGY_HORUS	received_as	Harpocrates ENT_SYN_HARPOCRATES	high	Harpocrates (Greek Harpokrates, "Horus the Child") is the direct Hellenistic reception of the child Horus (Hor-pa-khered), depicted in Egyptian art as an infant with finger to lips — a conventional Egyptian gesture indicating childhood. Greek visitors reinterpreted this as a gesture of silence, making Harpocrates the Greco-Egyptian god of silence and keeper of divine secrets. The figure appears extensively in Ptolemaic and Roman-period material culture; Plutarch (De Is. ch. 19) discusses him. The Horus-child-on-Isis's-lap iconography became the direct visual model for later representations of the Christ-child with the Virgin.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1459	Harpocrates ENT_SYN_HARPOCRATES	reception_of	Horus ENT_EGY_HORUS	high	Harpocrates as Hellenistic reception of the child Horus; Egyptian finger-to-lips childhood gesture reinterpreted as the gesture of silence in Greek cultural context.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1460	Anubis ENT_EGY_ANUBIS	received_as	Hermanubis ENT_SYN_HERMANUBIS	high	Hermanubis (Ἑρμάνουβις) fuses Anubis and Hermes in their shared role as psychopomps — guides of the dead to the underworld. Anubis's Egyptian function (weighing souls, conducting the dead to Osiris's judgment) and Hermes's Greek function (psychopomp, conductor of souls to Hades) are functionally identical, making the fusion natural in Greco-Egyptian religious synthesis. Plutarch (De Is. ch. 61) mentions Hermanubis; the figure appears throughout Greco-Egyptian papyri and material culture.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1461	Hermanubis ENT_SYN_HERMANUBIS	reception_of	Anubis ENT_EGY_ANUBIS	high	Hermanubis as Greco-Egyptian reception of Anubis in his psychopomp function; fused with Hermes in the shared role of guide of souls.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1462	Hermes ENT_HERMES	received_as	Hermanubis ENT_SYN_HERMANUBIS	high	Hermes as the Greek psychopomp fused with Anubis in the Greco-Egyptian Hermanubis; the fusion is grounded in the identical function of conducting souls of the dead. Hermes Psychopomp + Anubis = Hermanubis, documented in Ptolemaic inscriptions, Greek magical papyri, and Plutarch.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1463	Hermanubis ENT_SYN_HERMANUBIS	reception_of	Hermes ENT_HERMES	high	Hermanubis as Greco-Egyptian reception of Hermes in his psychopomp function; fused with Anubis in the shared role of guide of souls of the dead.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC
1464	Amun ENT_EGY_AMUN	received_as	Zeus Ammon ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON	high	Zeus-Ammon (Ζεὺς Ἄμμων) is one of the earliest and most documented cases of interpretatio graeca: Herodotus (2.42, c. 450 BCE) explicitly identifies Zeus with the Libyan-Egyptian Amun, noting that the Egyptians "call Zeus Amun." The Oracle of Ammon at Siwa was visited by Croesus, consulted by Cimon, and most famously by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE (who used the identification politically to claim divine parentage). Pindar composed a hymn to Ammon (fr. 36). Plutarch (De Is. ch. 9) also discusses the identification. The syncretic figure Zeus-Ammon was then depicted as Zeus with ram's horns (Amun's attribute).	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1465	Zeus Ammon ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON	reception_of	Amun ENT_EGY_AMUN	high	Zeus-Ammon as the Greco-Egyptian reception of Egyptian Amun; identified with Zeus by Herodotus (2.42); the ram's horns of the syncretic figure are Amun's attribute.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1466	Zeus ENT_ZEUS	received_as	Zeus Ammon ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON	high	Zeus as the Greek partner in the Zeus-Ammon syncretism; Herodotus (2.42) makes the identification explicit. The Zeus-Ammon figure inherits Zeus's supreme deity status and Olympian authority in the syncretic complex.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1467	Zeus Ammon ENT_SYN_ZEUS_AMMON	reception_of	Zeus ENT_ZEUS	high	Zeus-Ammon as the Greco-Egyptian reception of Zeus; the Olympian high-god identified with Amun by Herodotus; Zeus's divine sovereignty received into the syncretic figure.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1468	Hathor ENT_EGY_HATHOR	received_as	Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE	medium	Herodotus (2.41, c. 450 BCE) explicitly equates Aphrodite with Hathor, noting that "what the Greeks call Aphrodite Urania, the Egyptians call the same goddess Isis." The identification rests on shared domains (love, beauty, music, dance, fertility) and the sacred cow (Hathor's primary animal; Aphrodite's connection to Cyprus where cattle sacrifice was prominent). Plutarch (De Is. ch. 57) also discusses the identification. Note: this adds an Egyptian source for Aphrodite alongside the Canaanite Astarte chain already in the DB — both Hathor and Astarte contributed to the Aphrodite complex.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1469	Aphrodite ENT_APHRODITE	reception_of	Hathor ENT_EGY_HATHOR	medium	Aphrodite as Greek reception of Egyptian Hathor via interpretatio graeca; Herodotus 2.41 equates them; shared domains of love, beauty, music, and the sacred cow. Second source of Aphrodite alongside Canaanite Astarte.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Classical Period PER_GRK_CLASSICAL
1470	Seth ENT_EGY_SETH	received_as	Devil ENT_CHR_DEVIL	medium	Seth's reception as the Christian Devil operates through two parallel routes: (1) Plutarch (De Is. chs. 49-51) systematically equates Seth/Typhon with the principle of cosmic evil opposing Osiris/good — a dualism that Patristic authors absorbed into their cosmological framework. (2) In Late Antique Egypt, Seth was explicitly identified with Satan in Coptic Christian texts; his zoomorphic iconography (long-eared, fork-tailed, red-pelted "Seth animal") contributed to demonic iconographic vocabulary. The Seth→Devil chain is not as direct as Apollo→Apollyon, but the theological and iconographic influence is documented in Late Antique Egyptian Christianity.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Patristic Period PER_PATRISTIC
1471	Devil ENT_CHR_DEVIL	reception_of	Seth ENT_EGY_SETH	medium	The Christian Devil absorbs Seth's role as cosmic evil opposing divine good (via Plutarch's interpretation) and Seth's iconographic features in Late Antique Egyptian Christianity.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Patristic Period PER_PATRISTIC
1472	Isis ENT_EGY_ISIS	received_as	Mary Theotokos ENT_SAINT_MARY	medium	The Isis → Mary transmission is the most-discussed Egyptian→Christian iconographic reception. Core parallels: (1) Isis lactans (nursing the infant Horus/Harpocrates) is the direct visual antecedent of the Virgo lactans iconographic type, particularly in Egypt where Coptic Christians reused Isis-with-Horus statuary for Mary-with-Jesus. (2) Isis's title "Queen of Heaven" (explicitly attested in inscriptions) was applied to Mary (Jeremiah 7:18 condemns Queen of Heaven worship; the title resurfaces as Mary's Marian title). (3) The crown of stars and lunar crescent, the blue mantle, the mourning at the death of the divine son — all appear in Isis imagery before Mary's. Plutarch (De Is. ch. 52-53) documents the Isis mystery tradition. The most influential scholarly treatment: R.E. Witt, Isis in the Graeco-Roman World (1971). Confidence medium: the iconographic parallels in Late Antique Egypt are strong and documented; the degree to which early Christians consciously drew on Isis tradition (vs. parallel development) is debated.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Patristic Period PER_PATRISTIC
1473	Mary Theotokos ENT_SAINT_MARY	reception_of	Isis ENT_EGY_ISIS	medium	Mary Theotokos as the Christian reception — primarily iconographic — of the Isis tradition; nursing-mother imagery, Queen of Heaven title, star-crown, mourning at divine son's death all transmitted from Isis to Mary in Late Antique Egyptian Christianity.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Patristic Period PER_PATRISTIC
8026	Typhon ENT_TYPHON	reception_of	Seth ENT_EGY_SETH	high	Greek interpretatio of Set as Typhon; Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride.	Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride, c. 100–120 CE) SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS	reviewed	Hellenistic Period PER_GRK_HELLENISTIC

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CREATE TABLE "entity_relationships" (
   [relationship_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
   [subject_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [relationship_type] TEXT REFERENCES [relationship_types]([relationship_type]),
   [object_entity_id] TEXT REFERENCES [entities]([entity_id]),
   [confidence] TEXT,
   [rationale] TEXT,
   [source_id] TEXT REFERENCES [sources]([source_id]),
   [review_status] TEXT,
   [period_id] TEXT REFERENCES [periods]([period_id])
);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_period_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([period_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_source_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([source_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_object_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([object_entity_id]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_relationship_type]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([relationship_type]);
CREATE INDEX [idx_entity_relationships_subject_entity_id]
    ON [entity_relationships] ([subject_entity_id]);

Relationships

19 rows where source_id = "SRC_PLUTARCH_ISIS_OSIRIS"

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