periods: PER_TRANSJORDAN_IRON_AGE

56 historical periods covering all traditions, from the Predynastic Egyptian period (c. 3200 BCE) to the 20th-century occultist reception layer. Used to anchor entity classifications and relationships in time.

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period_id tradition period_name start_year end_year notes
PER_TRANSJORDAN_IRON_AGE Transjordanian Iron Age Transjordanian -1200 -500 The period of the independent Iron Age kingdoms of Moab, Ammon, and Edom, from the emergence of these polities in the Late Bronze–Iron Age transition (c. 1200 BCE) through their conquest by Babylonia under Nebuchadnezzar II (Moab and Ammon c. 582 BCE; Edom came under Babylonian and then Nabataean pressure from c. 550 BCE). The national deities — Kemosh (Moab), Milkom (Ammon), and Qos (Edom) — are attested primarily within this period. The Mesha Stele (c. 840 BCE) is the key primary epigraphic source; biblical attestations span the 9th–6th c. BCE. Bartlett (1989) is the standard secondary reference for the Edomite side; Dearman (1989) for Moabite.

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